Avoid Career Regret with These 6 Tips

Avoid Career Regret with These 6 Tips Getting a job is hard enough, but if you’re playing the long game for career fulfillment and success, it’s never a good idea to rest too long on your laurels. Rather than getting lazy and complacent, why not stay hungry and strategic, and keep your eyes on that ultimate prize, whatever yours may be. Here are 6 things you should always keep in mind if you want to look back and not have any career regrets. Click for more.Don’t always put money firstObviously, it’s important to make enough to support yourself and whomever else you need to care for. But constantly making moves in order to maximize what you make? That can lead you into all sorts of unsatisfying situations.Once you reach a certain threshold of financial comfort, ask yourself with each potential move: is this going to make me happier or just more rich? Focus on work that keeps you interested, challenged, and smiling on your way to work. Rather than the drudgery or soul-selling for the fancy pay-o ut. It’s also a great way to avoid burning out.Push your own boundariesEvery so often, push yourself out of your own comfort zone. Try taking an opportunity you might ordinarily say no to, or learning a skill you didn’t think you’d ever need. The broader your interests and skills, the more you’ll get out of your work life.Trust your gutIf you sense impending shake-ups or lay-offs or feel you’re on a sinking ship, be smart and start looking before disaster strikes. If a position doesn’t smell right for some reason? Take your time and look elsewhere. Learning to hone (and trust!) your instincts can be an invaluable skill that will help steer you straight for your entire career.Keep ‘em sweetIf ever you have to leave a hell job, or quit on a demon boss, resist the temptation to burn bridges. Take the moral high road, keep it classy, walk out with your head held high having done everything you could to stay respectful. You never know when you might run into former colleagues or supervisors again down the line. Gain a reputation for professionalism, not pique.Stay sharpKeep a constant eye on the trends in your field. That means watching out for new systems and software, participating in additional training, keeping on top of new qualifications you can acquire. Staying devoted to learning will nurture you in multiple ways, but will also keep you fiercely marketable.Shoot for the moonYou know, in nice and steady, measured, incremental shots. Do have a big dream and do pursue it. Just try to do so as smartly and well-preparedly as you can. Put your big dream on a hidden post-it somewhere and keep that in mind as you go through every humdrum workday. Eye on the prize.

Chapter 6 Essay

Chapter 6 Essay Chapter 6 Essay Chapter 6 Project Team Building, Conflict, and Negotiation 06-01 Chapter 6 Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, students will be able to: ï‚â€"Understand the steps involved in project team building. ï‚â€"Know the characteristics of effective project teams and why teams fail. ï‚â€"Know the stages in the development of groups. ï‚â€"Describe how to achieve cross-functional cooperation in teams. Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-02 Chapter 6 Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, students will be able to: ï‚â€"See the advantages and challenges of project teams. ï‚â€"Understand the nature of conflict and evaluate response method. ï‚â€"Understand the importance of negotiation skills in project management. Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-03 FIGURE 6.3 Basic Steps in Assembling a Project Team Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-04 Effective Project Teams ï  ¶Clear Sense of Mission ï  ¶Productive Interdependency ï  ¶Cohesiveness ï  ¶Trust ï  ¶Enthusiasm ï  ¶Results Orientation Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-05 Reasons Why Teams Fail ï‚â€"Poorly developed or unclear goals ï‚â€"Poorly defined project team roles & interdependencies ï‚â€"Lack of project team motivation ï‚â€"Poor communication ï‚â€"Poor leadership ï‚â€"Turnover among project team members ï‚â€"Dysfunctional behavior Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-06 Stages in Group Development 1. Forming – members become acquainted 2. Storming – conflict begins 3. Norming – members reach agreement 4. Performing – members work together 5. Adjourning – group disbands Punctuated Equilibrium is a different model Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-07 Team Development Stages Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall FIGURE 6.4 06-08 Model of Punctuated Equilibrium FIGURE 6.5 Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-10 Achieving Cross-Functional Cooperation Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall FIGURE 6.6 06-11 Building High-Performing Teams Make the project team tangible ï‚â€"Publicity ï‚â€"Terminology & language Reward good behavior ï‚â€"Flexibility ï‚â€"Creativity ï‚â€"Pragmatism Develop a personal touch ï‚â€"Lead by example ï‚â€"Positive feedback for good performance ï‚â€"Accessibility & consistency Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-12 Virtual Project Teams use electronic media to link members of a geographically dispersed project team How Can Virtual Teams Be Improved? ïÆ' ¼Use face-to-face communication when possible ïÆ' ¼Don’t let team members disappear ïÆ' ¼Establish a code of conduct ïÆ' ¼Keep everyone in the communication loop ïÆ' ¼Create a process for addressing conflict Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-13 Conflict Management Conflict is a process that begins when you perceive that someone has frustrated or is about to frustrate a major concern of yours. Categories Views Goal-oriented Administrative Interpersonal Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Traditional Behavioral Interactionis t

Buyer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Buyer behaviour - Assignment Example The report has been prepared to focus the purchasing behaviour of the user for the Samsung products. Samsung is an international conglomerate company, which was founded in 1938 and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The product portfolio of the company comprise of apparel, medical equipments, electronic components, telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, ships and semiconductors. Samsung also provides wide range of services such as financial services, advertising, health care and medical services, retail, hospitality, entertainment and construction services (Samsung, 2015). The psychological and sociological drivers of consumer behaviour will be assessed through the marketing analysis of Samsung by using different theories and models. Further, the impact of the marketing mix components on the decision-making process of the consumers will also be taken into consideration for the purpose of this report. The customers of Samsung are grouped on the basis of geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation. According to geographic segmentation, Samsung is targeting the Chinese and Indian market as a priority and then focusing on other regions. According to demographic segmentation, age does not really matter for the Samsung products and it offers its services and goods for all the family sizes. The company targets the customers of middle, upper middle as well as higher class individuals. The company has segmented the customer into three different categories such as teachers and students, self employed and businessman. On the psychographic segmentation basis, Samsung is targeting the users based on their personality as well as lifestyle (Clow and Baack, 2011). Exposure: Mainly perception starts with exposure towards stimuli. Exposure occurs when stimuli come within any of the following senses such as touch, smell, vision, taste and hearing. It has been

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gun Control - Research Paper Example When one observes the recent political scenario in America with regard to this issue, one can see that the Democrats stand for the gun control measures and the Republicans oppose it. Many are of the opinion that the issues related with handgun by civilians and students have now become a severe issue and a real threat to the day to day life of the Americans. Even the sniper shootings are capable of providing the civilians sleepless nights. Some of the recent studies have identified that different states of America are in two layers regarding this issue. The sect that protests strongly against the gun control is the gun lobby which has gripped American society like an octopus. NRA (National Rifle Association), the most prominent gun lobby in America, upholds the Second Amendment of the American Constitution that protects individual’s right to use firearms for self defense, in order to hide their secret desires. In addition to this, they also resort to the verdict of the Supreme Court in the year 2001 that protected the right of the individuals to use fire arms. As it is the current state pertaining to the use of guns in America, there arise a notable question concerning the abuse of guns by the criminals, mentally ill persons and children. When people are protected by law with regard to the use of guns, one can certainly say that there is more probability for its abuse. The recent shooting at Chardon High School in Ohio and many other incidents invite one’s attention to the hazard of bearing weapons among the citizens. In the United States, gun related violence among the criminals; mentally ill persons and children show a gradual growth in recent years. Therefore, there should be strong regulations on when and how these weapons are practiced. Analyzing the cause and effects of increasing gun related violence, one can find the fact that gun ownership has become widespread and easier in the United States in recent years. Nowadays gun related deaths an d injuries among the public became a serious trouble in the United States. Existing mandatory laws in the United States permits lawful use of guns for personal defense among the public. Unfortunately, many people use their hand guns illegally and produce harmful effects. Persons who protest the gun control laws strongly argue that there are nominal evidences which prove that gun control reduce the crime rate. Increasing gun related crimes in the United States create relevant challenges against national security and individual freedom. However, an effective law or strict regulation is essential against the use of guns in the hands of criminals, mentally ill persons and children. The issue of gun related violence among the criminals, mentally ill persons and children in the United States Persons from criminal backgrounds often practice guns for their criminal activities and it causes for number of deaths, gun related injuries and heavy violence. Dissimilar from ordinary people, crimin als have the tendency to misuse gun in their daily life. In other words, people who engaged in criminal actions create their own law and social system. Therefore, gun uses among these criminal groups covey a negative message to society. In addition, the increase of gun related violence is a serious issue that reveals the failure of judiciary and legal system in the country. James K. Stewart, Director, National Institute of Justice, rightly observes that â€Å"

Process Improvement (Logistics) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Improvement (Logistics) - Research Paper Example All organizations irrespective of their industry segment work towards becoming the world’s supply chain management (SCM) leaders. This status is attained through the development of top line income growth via ameliorated client satisfaction, increased supply chain speed, and minimized overheads and cycle times. The role played by logistics excellence and transportation in an attempt to develop a state-of-the-art supply chain has become noticeable nowadays.Transportation expenses take up a significant amount of the supply chain and can be eliminated via Transportation Management Solutions (TMS).TMS can attain these savings by process improvement. Many organizations are capable of redeploying or reducing existing transportation overheads and employees significantly by automating main logistics and transportation processes through advanced TMS. Partially, this is achieved by automating manual jobs such as carrier selection, tendering and acceptance, and shipment planning resulting in improved productivity benefits for transportation faculty.A large number of firms can minimize operating costs by consolidating transportation routines at a network stage as opposed to having transportation staff at every ship level. Organizations using these "load control centers" network save a significant amount of overall freight bills and overhead.Inventory management includes the process of effectively ensuring a continuous movement of stocks out of and into the current inventory.

Causes Of Joint Failures Engineering Essay

Causes Of Joint Failures Engineering Essay This report emphasizes methods for determining, minimizing, and uniformly distributing the stress for cable joints and HV bushings. The analysis is intended to reduce the failures caused by high stressed, to provide maintenance cost reductions, and to improve service reliability. Predicting the remaining life of a joint is a major challenge to electric utilities, one that has long had the attention of design and maintenance engineers who manage overhead transmission lines. The recent joint failures reported by a few utilities follow the trend caused by aging joints and conductors. These problems are expected to increase over time because of higher line loadings under the current deregulated environment. Since typical inspection techniques have many limitations, it is currently difficult to isolate the components early enough to reliably avoid failure. If two electrical conductors are joined to form a stationary electric contact, i.e. an electric joint, the joint resistance does not remain constant but will increase during operating time. This long-term behaviour of the joint resistance can be influenced by different aging mechanisms like corrosion processes, interdiffusion, electromigration, fretting and stress relaxation. Especially in bolted aluminum joints at high current load, i.e. at high joint temperatures stress relaxation may play an important role in joint aging. Creep deformation of the conductor material decreases the joint force. The area and the number of a-spots decrease and may cause an increase of the constriction resistance which may occur suddenly, if mechanical vibrations act on the joint. In order to describe the factor of influence of creep on the aging behaviour of high current bolted aluminum joints, the relationship between the decreasing joint force and the joint resistance and the development of the joint force have to be determined. The relationship between the decreasing joint force and the joint resistance can be evaluated on the basis of the surface profile of the rough joint surfaces [7]. In order to extrapolate the development of the joint force beyond the time of experiments and to reduce the number of experiments with numerous types of joints geometry the development of the joint force is calculated. The calculation is performed by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on material parameters of the conductors and the physical fundamentals of creep [8]. Due to the structural characteristics of bushings and cable ends. the electric fields near the grounding flange are highly concentrated. and have a strong axial component, resulting in corona and gliding discharge. The traditional way of improving this condition is to apply semiconducting paint or band on the insulating surface by the flange. The electric field is evened by decreasing the surface resistance of the insulating surface. However, the effect is not very good due to the thinness of the applied material. In addition, the applied material will aging or peel off in time, decreasing its effect to zero. Failure Mechanisms Causes of Joint Failures Joint failures are expected to increase with the increase demand for heavier loading operations. Some of the key contributors to joint failures include: inadequate cleaning of the conductor, complete absence of conductor cleaning, absence of corrosion inhibitor, improperly inserted conductor, incomplete die closures, and high load fault currents contributing to aging with thermal stresses. Installation and Quality Assurance Issues One of the main reasons for joint failures is improper installation. Misalignment of steel sleeve, crimping with wrong dye, no grease present in splice, and improperly cleaned conductor can greatly accelerate the failure process. Other factors that influence failures are internal crevice corrosion, releasing of compression force by thermal cycling, creep due to line tension, and fatigue cracking on bent joints. Corrosion Problems Corrosion is a major factor in the deterioration process of splice/connectors. Figure below is anexample of a failed field joint. Characteristics of a Joint Failure The final failure mode of connectors is either mechanical or thermal. Sometimes the steel sleevehas been installed off-center, resulting in one end of the conductor being barely inserted. This can result in a mechanical failure. A thermal failure is the result of high resistance heating or individual strands failing with the same consequence. These situations can either melt components or cause the joint to lose its connection. Failures generally show evidence of both mechanical and thermal failure in combination. Temperature and Resistance Relationship The degradation of a joint can be observed by changes in its resistance and temperature. The interface resistance is a very small part of the total joint resistance until there are signs of damage. Because of this effect, no noticeable heating takes place until late in the failure cycle. High temperature values are usually the result of high resistance measurements in a component. Resistance is a function, to varying degrees, of temperature. As an abnormally high resistance component begins to heat up, resistance increases, resulting in an even faster rate of temperature increase. This physical property of electrical conductors can quickly make a bad situation worse! In addition, as the component heats it may reach the material melting point. Often a complete structural failure results and the line drops. More often, however, the melted metal re-solidifies; as this happens resistance decreases, and thus temperature, may be reduced. This is only a 2-3 temporary phenomenon, but if the inspection is conducted at this point in the failure cycle, the data will certainly be misleading! Eventually both resistance and heating will again increase, and the material will again melt. This melting and re-welding can take place many times before total failure occurs, especially when copper alloy components are involved. Design of High Voltage Cable Joints General For the stress control, basically the following methods are known: Geometrical, where the contour of conducting elements is controlling the electrical field at the end of a high voltage cable. Resistive, where the resistance of a semiconducting material is used to reduce the electrical stress in high field regions. Refractive, where material with a high permittivity is used for pushing away the field from high stress regions. The first method which refers to the geometry of the joint, is more of a mechanical way of reducing or controlling stress. If we have to cables and there is a joint connecting them, what ever the stress distribution may be, it is possible to control both the parameters that are stress concentration and stress distribution. For example, if we have a straight joint exactly alligned with the cable shape, whatever stress it shows, we can reduce or vary the stress distribution, and stress concentration can be decreased by applying changes to the joint shapes such chamfering the joint a bit, and also by varying its size to a possible extent. While the resistive and refractive method is successfully used for medium voltage applications up to 72.5kV maximum, the geometrical field control method is the standard method for high voltage and extra high voltage applications. Controlling the field by a well defined contour still offers the best quality from design and production point of view. To install a pre-moulded joint they are normally slipped-over the prepared cable on site by using grease and special push-on tools. Another technology, widely used in the medium voltage range, is the cold shrink technology. With this technique a pre-moulded joint body is pre-expanded on a support tube, which can be removed while being placed around the cable on site. It has the advantage that no push-on tools must be used. Electrical Design One basic function of every termination or joint is to control the electrical field at the endof a cable or between two cables. This means that the electrical field is controlled by the contour of conducting elements integrated into the joint body. During design stage FEM (Finite Element Method) calculation programs are an important tool as the latest versions of these programs offer a vast range of possibilities such as: Calculation of the electrical field in any direction of the joint body Optimization tools for calculating the optimum shape of stress control elements Solving of coupled fields, like thermo mechanical stresses Models for non-linear behavior of materials, like stresses in polymeric materials Simulation of slip-on procedures Choice of Material Nowadays the materials used for high voltage joints are silicone rubber and EPDM. The basic requirements for an elastomeric material are as follows: Sufficient mechanical properties in order being expandable in the required range. Capability to withstand the required temperature range. Availabilty of material with constant quality and constant purity. Low ageing with respect to electrical and mechanical properties. According the requirements given above silicone rubber is an ideal and preferred material for cable joints. Therefore it can be concluded that silicone rubber is an excellent material for the use in cable accessories as it can fully cope with the electrical, mechanical and thermal requirements given by nowadays polymeric cables. Ageing An important aspect, which we still have to consider is the ageing factor of insulating material and interface. The ageing can be described by the life time law as follows: EN * t = const. Where, E = Electrical field in the insulation t = Time, where the electric field is applied N = Lifetime coefficient Stress Analysis For the Stress Analysis we have used a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software in order to find the electric field distribution. We have done this by MAXWELL SV software. A little bit about the software first and then we proceed towards our analysis. USING THE SOFTWARE We have used a student version of MAXWELL SV software depending on the availability, which allows us to analyze a problem on the basis of 2D geometry. The resistive solution for reducing stress is of great importance as well. If another piece of metal is being used to joint two pieces of cable, it could produce more stress on the joint due to its own resistive and other properties. So, if the two pieces of wire are making contact through a third material, normally the third material is to be used as a jacket that overlaps two wires as shown below. In the above arrangement two cables have direct contact with each other and third material is making parallel circuit with two cables and is supporting electrical current through a joint. In the arrangement that involves a joint in series, the third material is making a series circuit with two cables and adding extra resistance to the joint with will increase the stress on the joint. On the other hand if we talk about the refractive part the situation could be explained as , if a single piece of sleeve is taken and we plot the rise in temperature due to sleeve. Exposed part of the cable will have low temperature as compared with the portion under sleeve and it will create difference of resistance at both ends of wire under sleeve, due to this difference thermal stresses on the ends of the two cables being joint. To reduce the stress it is recommended that sleeve should be good conductor to heat and the temperature of exposed part will be as same as the part under the shielded portion. SIMULATION BASED ANALYSIS For our simulation we have considered two cables joined together, where the joint between them is assumed to be a perfect one, and hence we can treat it as one perfect conductor. Therefore, the conductor can be a single copper cable as demonstrated in the results below. In reality when the cables are to be joined, the ends of the two separate cables must be stripped of its insulation. For modeling purposes this has been represented by a gap in the insulation between the conductor and outer sheath. This gap will initially be left empty to see the distribution with no insulation. In attempt to distribute the stress uniformly the gap will then be filled with a variety of material. The layer of the insulation at the joint is generally a lot thicker than the rest of the cable, and the simulations below make uses of this. The conductor has been assigned as a source of 500KV, and the outer sheath at ground potential. The insulating material for the two cables is XLPE. The results presented below show stress distribution in various scenarios where the geometry has been unchanged, and different insulation materials have been tested. Due to different properties of different insulating materials the stress distributions also vary. The first result presents the field distribution, where the gap has been left empty, to examine the initial stress with no insulation at all. Figure 1: Cable joint with no insulation at the joint XLPE Cable Insulation Outer Sheath (0V) Gap HV Conductor (500KV) In this situation the stress in the gap at the joint and surrounding insulation in very high. This would eventually result in failure of the joint due to the extreme stresses. Now that the initial stress has been determined, it is necessary to find how to minimize and uniformly distribute the stress. As mentioned previously the gap is now filled with a layer of a variety of materials. The layer at the joint is thicker than the insulation of a normal cable as to attempt to minimize and create a more uniform distribution of stress. Below the distribution for a variety of materials used to insulate the joint is presented. Figure 2: Field distribution for Silicon Insulated cable joint Joint Insulation Figure 3: Field distribution for FR4-Epoxy insulated cable joint Figure 4: Field distribution for Polyimide-Quartz insulated cable joint Figure 5: Field distribution for Polyethylene insulated cable joint Figure 6: Field distribution for Teflon insulated cable joint Figure 7: Field distribution for Polystyrene insulated cable Figure 8: Field distribution for Porcelain insulated cable Notice that there are two effects of using the thick insulation at the cable joint, first the concentration of the stress is brought down, and secondly the stress is distributed more uniformly. These are both important in ensuring the insulation is efficiently used, and maximizes the life span of the insulation. Notice that in the case of all but Polyimide-Quartz insulation the concentration is minimized somewhat, though the main effect is the uniform distribution of stress. On the other hand Polyimide-Quartz insulation greatly decrease the stress concentration, though the distribution is undesirable as the majority of the stress is concentrated at the conductor surface which will result in uneven wear of the insulation. Thus the optimal insulation will have even distribution of stress, and somewhat minimize the stress concentration. It was determined that the silicon insulation is best suited for this purpose. The distribution of the stress across the joint and surrounding insulatio n is very uniform, and the concentration is somewhat minimized as well. This result is consistent with industry practices as in general a thick layer of silicon is used at the joint for insulation []. Conclusion Cable Joints The Electric Stress has been determined for the general structure of a high voltage cable using finite element analysis, and a method suggested to create a more uniform, and less concentrated distribution of stress. The results obtained agree with what is currently standard practice in the high voltage industry. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Background Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was first developed in 1943 by R. Courant, who utilized the Ritz method of numerical analysis and minimization of variational calculus to obtain approximate solutions to vibration systems. Shortly thereafter, a paper published in 1956 by M. J. Turner, R. W. Clough, H. C. Martin, and L. J. Topp established a broader definition of numerical analysis. The paper centered on the stiffness and deflection of complex structures. By the early 70s, FEA was limited to expensive mainframe computers generally owned by the aeronautics, automotive, defense, and nuclear industries. Since the rapid decline in the cost of computers and the phenomenal increase in computing power, FEA has been developed to an incredible precision. Present day super computers are now able to produce accurate results for all kinds of parameters. What is Finite Element Analysis? FEA consists of a computer model of a material or design that is stressed and analyzed for specific results. It is used in new product design, and existing product refinement. A company is able to verify a proposed design will be able to perform to the clients specifications prior to manufacturing or construction. Modifying an existing product or structure is utilized to qualify the product or structure for a new service condition. In case of structural failure, FEA may be used to help determine the design modifications to meet the new condition. There are generally two types of analysis that are used in industry: 2-D modeling, and 3-D modeling. While 2-D modeling conserves simplicity and allows the analysis to be run on a relatively normal computer, it tends to yield less accurate results. 3-D modeling, however, produces more accurate results while sacrificing the ability to run on all but the fastest computers effectively. How Does Finite Element Analysis Work? FEA uses a complex system of points called nodes which make a grid called a mesh . This mesh is programmed to contain the material and structural properties which define how the structure will react to certain loading conditions. Nodes are assigned at a certain density throughout the material depending on the anticipated stress levels of a particular area. Regions which will receive large amounts of stress usually have a higher node density than those which experience little or no stress. Points of interest may consist of: fracture point of previously tested material, fillets, corners, complex detail, and high stress areas. The mesh acts like a spider web in that from each node, there extends a mesh element to each of the adjacent nodes. This web of vectors is what carries the material properties to the object, creating many elements. Introduction Bushings In todays competitive market, there is a need for the bushing manufacturing industry to improve bushing efficiency and to reduce costs; because high-quality low-cost products and processes have become the key to survival in the global economy. The reliability of equipment and facilities used in a power system is an essential precondition of the energy transmission security. High voltage bushing breakdown is one of the major contributors to the transformer failures. Since the electrical design of the HV bushings is the most important part of their manufacturing process, finding an algorithm for the electrical design of bushings in an optimum way is very important. Bushing failure is one of the leading causes of transformer failures. The electrical design of capacitive grading bushings is one of the important parts of manufacturing of these kinds of bushings. Capacitive grading bushings contain embedded in their insulation core concentric conductive foils, which are isolated from each other. By adjusting the diameter and length of these cylinders, the electrical stress and voltage drop in the core and along its surface can be influenced by variation of the ratio of the partial capacitances between the conducting cylinders, [1]. The grading of ac-bushing is achieved from the capacitances that are formed between the grading foils and thus determined by the permittivity of the insulating material. HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS Bushings provide a point of interface such that the electric current can pass to and from the apparatus. The current is at some potential above ground and must be electrically insulated from the tank walls which are at ground potential. It can be thought of like a bridge where the potential is the length of the bridge and the longer the bridge the more support it must have such that it will not come into contact with the ground. The current path is the number of lanes. If the number of lanes are reduced on part of the bridge under heavy traffic flow, a multi-car pile up will occur. The two key factors are: 1) Insulating System to prevent a failure mode of over voltage. 2) Conductor Path to prevent a failure mode of over current. Over voltage will cause a flash over in the insulation and over current will cause overheating in the conductor due to I^2 * R losses. Figure 9: Diagram of typical high voltage bushings General Types: High-voltage bushings for use on transformers and breakers are made in several principal types, as follows: Composite Bushing.- A bushing in which insulation consists of two or more coaxial layers of different insulating materials. Compound-Filled Bushing.-A bushing in which the space between the major insulation (or conductor where no major insulation is used) and the inside surface of a protective weather casing (usually porcelain) is filled with a compound having insulating properties. Condenser Bushing.- A bushing in which cylindrical conducting layers are arranged coaxially with the conductor within the insulating material. The length and diameter of the cylinders are designed to control the distribution of the electric field in and over the outer surface of the bushing. Condenser bushings may be one of several types: Resin-bonded paper insulation; Oil-impregnated paper insulation; or Other. Dry or Unfilled Type Bushing.- Consists of porcelain tube with no filler in the space between the shell and conductor. These are usually rated 25 kV and below. Oil-Filled Bushing. A bushing in which the space between the major insulation (or the conductor where no major insulation is used) and the inside surface of a protective weather casing (usually porcelain) is filled with insulating oil. Oil Immersed Bushing.- A bushing composed of a system of major insulations totally immersed in a bath of insulating oil. Oil-Impregnated Paper- Insulated Bushing.- A bushing in which the internal structure is made of cellulose material impregnated with oil. Resin-Bonded, Paper- Insulated Bushing.- A bushing in which the major insulation is provided by cellulose material bonded with resin. Solid (Ceramic) Bushing.- A bushing in which the major insulation Is provided by a ceramic or analogous material. Bushing Failures Operating records show that about 90 percent of all preventable bushing failures are caused by moisture entering the bushing through leaky gaskets or other openings. Close periodic inspection to find leaks and make repairs as needed will prevent most outages due to bushing failures. Such an external inspection requires little time and expense and will be well worth the effort. High-voltage bushings, if allowed to deteriorate, may explode with considerable violence and cause extensive damages to adjacent equipment. Flashovers may be caused by deposits of dirt on the bushings, particularly in areas where there are contaminants such as salts or conducting dusts in the air. These deposits should be removed by periodic cleaning. Figure 10: Picture of High Voltage Bushing that has failed due to penetration of moisture One of the failures can also be a dielectric failure occurring with the paper insulation punctured through from the center draw rod, at a location about one third of the way down from the top terminal, to the grounded capacitance tap. HOW DOES THE BUSHINGS WITHSTAND THE STRESSES? The bushings must contain many layers of capacitors to grade the voltage down evenly from the potential at the centre conductor to ground potential. These capacitors are made up of many layers of paper and foil and usually filled with an insulating fluid such as oil. These layers of insulation can be checked by measuring the power factor of the bushing when the parent apparatus is out of service [2]. While the parent apparatus is in service, an infrared camera can be used to check for low oil levels. The oil level relates to the insulation quality of the grading capacitors. Infrared method will only work when the parent apparatus produces heat because it relies on the thermal mass difference between the fluid and the void at the top of the bushing. Bushings in transformers are ideal examples due to the heat produced by losses in the windings and core. The capacitor core of high voltage bushing is widely used to decrease the electric stress and to avoid field centralization where the high voltage lead drill through the tank wall of transformer. The floating potentials of capacitor core can be calculated with several methods[6], that are, the minimized energy algorithm, the partial capacitance algorithm and the electric charge conservation algorithm[6]. Some times dummy dielectric constant method are also used to solve the failure problems. When the electric flux line leaves higher dielectric constant region to lower dielectric constant region, if the ratio of higher dielectric constant to lower dielectric constant is much larger than 1, then it is nearly vertical on the interface in low dielectric constant material. Stress Analysis For the simulation we have tried two arrangements. First, the high voltage conductor is insulated by one large thick layer of silicone from the porcelain outer layer, which is held in place by two metal flanges at ground potential. Secondly, a capacitive graded arrangement where the conductor is insulated by several layers of silicone of varying axial length separated by thin layers of foil (form a large capacitor), again with two flanges at ground potential holding the structure in place. A voltage of 132KV is supplied to the conductor. The results presented below show the stress distribution where to distribute the stress uniformly the geometry of the structure has been altered. It is expected that with the two arrangements the distribution of the stress will vary greatly. Figure 11: Distribution of stress for first arrangement on bushing Figure 12: Distribution of stress for capacitively graded bushing arrangement In the first arrangement the electric stress is concentrated around the surface of the conductor, and the metal flange. While the other regions are under considerably less stress. The result is consistent with known theory. This is inefficient use of the insulation, as the wear of the insulation is not even. It is thus necessary to find a more desirable arrangement. Figure 12 shows the result of a capactively graded arrangement. Not only is the stress distributed more uniformly throughout the insulation, ensuring maximum efficiency and long life span, though the concentration is also reduced. This is the optimal design for high voltage bushings and is currently used in many high voltage applications. Again the result found is consistent with theory, as capacitive grading is vastly used to distribute stress uniformly. Conclusion High Voltage Bushings The Electric Stress has been determined for two different bushing arrangements using finite element analysis. The capacitive grading arrangement was found to be the best at distributing , and minimizing the concentration of stress. The results obtained agree with theory, and are applied throughout the industry.

Encouraging Diverse Enrollment in Womens Studies Courses :: Essays Papers

Encouraging Diverse Enrollment in Women's Studies Courses What stands in the way of a more diversity in Women’s Studies classes such as Feminism 101? The posing of this question is in and of itself a step to increasing diversity, for in the answers we find, we may also expose solutions to these roadblocks. I will therefore, be discussing causes of the current white, female, young, middle-class, and non-disabled majority in Women’s Studies’ class rosters. Once I've established what is causing a majority to be present, I will then attempt to answer those problems with possible solutions, or at least steps in the right direction. Cross-racial hostility keeps minority races from interacting effectively with each other. Racism in general separates the white feminist community from everyone else. Internalized sexism tells us that we are just women, prone to bickering and infighting, and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Heterosexism and lesbian bating (accusing a woman of being a lesbian if she is independent and freethinking) keep potential women’s studies students far away from our classrooms. Everyone is held back by the labels which separate us. Now I don't agree that these are the only oppressive forces dividing the feminist population and keeping new people from joining, but I would postulate that these conflicts function the same in Women's Studies as they do in the feminist movement in general. These are the central expressions of oppression that make cohesive, equal, cooperation seem beyond our grasp. bell hooks, a black feminist writer, wrote in her book Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, "Women in lower-class and poor groups, particularly those who are non-white, would not have defined women’s liberation as women gaining social equality with men, since they are continually reminded in their everyday lives that all women do not share a common social status." (19). This passage contains they key that answers the question of why people of color are not represented equally in our women’s studies classes with white people. Because Women's Studies (and Feminism) had been cast as the arena of white women, who had the time and money to start the movement, women of color are less likely to think the classes are relevant to them. And they are overwhelmingly female. How then, armed with our understanding of this problem, can we get a more racially diverse student body interested in what Women's Studies has to offer?

The Development of Different British Education Systems

Britain has a long history and rich civilization, in this context, the UK has been really focussed on instruction, and instruction as a cultural heritage, impact on society, to advance economic industry. Britain ‘s first instruction degree, has a good repute, but besides attracted many abroad pupils. ( Johnes, 2004 ) The development of instruction non merely assist the UK to acquire a good international repute, cultivate a big figure of hi-tech endowment, but besides has gained immense net incomes in the instruction industry for the United Kingdom. This article has an overview of the British instruction system elaborate, every bit good as several different instruction systems in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Then, this paper will analyze the British educational impact on society, particularly on societal economic, in order to calculate out the importance and significance of developing instruction for a state.2.0 IntroductionThe quality of people determines the quality of the state, which influences the national development and societal advancement. Therefore, to better the overall quality of people should be smartly develop instruction, and instruction is the pressing demand for a state ‘s industrialisation and modernisation, and is a necessary demand to better the modern national instruction system, but besides an of import manner to advance societal employment. There is a long history in different British instruction system. Peoples think instruction investing is the best manner to better the economic accomplishments. ( Moore, 2004 ) . In the fifth and 6th centuries, the first school was built by the church which had adequate power ( Oakland, 2006 ) . In England and Wales, the first clip to set up a incorporate national simple school system was in 1870, in 1872 for Scotland and in 1923 for Northern Ireland. The Labour authorities established a countrywide school in 1976. ( Oakland, 2006 ) Britain had a hit-or-miss school construction in the 19th century. ( Oakland.2006 ) When the British instruction system began to flawlessness, the British economic system besides began to stronger at the same clip. This study will overview the development of the different instruction systems in UK and it will analyse its good effects concentrating on the economic system, because the success of the instruction system will profit the economic system of the state.3.0 The development of different instruction system in UK since 1940s3.1 Introduction of the instruction system in UKBritain is a state with a long tradition of instruction. Its instruction system is rather perfect and complex after several old ages ‘ development, and has a really big flexibleness. The purpose of the 1944 prepares to set up simple and in-between school instruction. There is a party-political battleground in instruction in 1950s. â€Å" Labour authoritiess from 1964 were committed to get rid ofing the eleven-plus, choice and the secondary school divisions. † The Labour authorities prepares to set up comprehensive national schools in 1976. ( Oakland, 2006 ) Overall, it is in three phases: Compulsory Education, farther instruction and Higher Education. Students in British receive compulsory instruction from the age of four, all free to bask the national public assistance, schools even offer a free tiffin, and all parents must set their kids to school. General primary instruction normally lasts until the age of 11, and so the childs will travel to middle school, which lasts for a sum of five old ages: from Form 1 to Form 5. ( Education Act of the UK, 1996 ) Further instruction is the most typical and most exciting portion in the UK instruction system ; it is the â€Å" third instruction † after the primary School and Secondary Education, which provides footing for entry into higher instruction or employment. Students having go oning instruction are between 16 and 18 old ages old in general. It is divided into two systems: academic path and vocational path. Academic path focuses on academic research endowment, and vocational mob is a combination of professional demands at all degrees of society, to develop forces with specialised accomplishments and cognition in a assortment of industries. The two systems are equal accent in the UK. Higher instruction is an advanced phase in the British instruction system, which includes Bachelor Degree, Master Degree, Doctoral Degree and HND-Higher National Diploma. Higher instruction is normally provided by University, but many Colleges besides offer Bachelor and HND classs. Undergraduate academic grade by and large takes three old ages in the UK, but some particular expertness in some universities requires four old ages ‘ clip or longer, such as medical specialty. Students get bachelor grade after graduating undergraduate, there are many sorts of unmarried man in England, and the followers are common types: BA-Bachelor of Art, BSc-Bachelor of Science, BEng-Bachelor of Engineering, and LLB — Bachelor of Laws. UK graduate student courses merely take one twelvemonth, and pupils chiefly write documents and do research in this twelvemonth.3.2 The different instruction systems in UKUnited Kingdom has four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The four r egional instruction constructions and establishments is fundamentally the same type, but the Scots instruction system is rather different with the other parts in some respects, the chief difference is the different grade makings. In fact, there are three independent British legal instruction systems: The United Kingdom Ministry of instruction and instruction is responsible for all degrees of instruction in England, go oning instruction in Wales and university instruction throughout the whole Great Britain. In England, there are three sorts of school which are community, foundation and voluntary. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) The Wales Ministry of instruction is responsible for primary instruction by the Welsh Secretary of State Education Office Management through the Welsh. In Wales, the instruction system is similar as England, but the different is kids in 11 old ages old in secondary schools, there are non choice. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) Northern Ireland Department of Education in charge of primary instruction, go oning instruction and university instruction in the part. In Northern Ireland, the instruction system is the smallest than other three states. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) The Ministr y of Education in Scotland is responsible for primary instruction, go oning instruction and non-university higher instruction. In Scotland, GTC ( General Teaching Council ) are better than any other three states. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) England, Wales and Northern Ireland ‘s instruction system is slightly different from the instruction system in Scotland. For illustration, in the facet of secondary instruction, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the school focused on beef uping a figure of optional classs, while the Scots instruction are frequently more focussed on broadening the scope of topics.4.0 The current effects of instruction on societySocial impact of instruction is multifaceted, in the facet of cultural, it is the record of a state ‘s history, the societal imposts and moral constructs and values are transmitted to pupils by instruction, and play a guiding function in their growing procedure. Under the influence of public instruction, people have similar cultural backgrounds and universe positions, this cultural heritage and so will assist the state ‘s direction and development. Besides the map in instruction, civilization and communicating, the economic impact of instruction is reall y important. To better instruction is the most direct manner to assist economic system growing and more public outgo on instruction has great decadent on development of society ( West, 1970 ) . First, People expend the assorted fees for the instruction and society investing of the direct outgo in instruction, in order to advance the economic growing. ( Porter, 1990 ) In modern society, people have recognized that cognition is one of the best agencies to alter the destiny and the creative activity of wealth, so that each household is willing to put in their kids ‘s instruction. Education was identified as an investing, instead than an single ingestion in 1960. ( Moore, 2004 ) Outgo of big amounts of support for instruction has promoted instruction as an industry, except deriving the prosperity in the net incomes, the instruction sector has more money invested in the building of schools and instructors, doing instruction hold more quickly development. Second, instruction provides the labor forces with cognition for economic to better labour productiveness and advance the economic growing. Britain ‘s urbanisation, ( Peters, 2001 ) industrialisation and modernisation have entered into a more mature phase, economic development is no longer rely on a batch of labour, but pay attending to the cognition and accomplishments of workers. ( Stern, Bailey & A ; Merritt, 1996 ) Merely with the advanced engineerings and constructs, with scientific direction, with the spirit of invention, they can do the development of society more efficient and high-speed. Education is one of the most critical factors, which gives people a assortment of cognition, enabling them to better efficiency at work and create involvement. In this manner, instruction alterations the employment construction to advance the economic growing. Nowadays, to a big extent, economic competition between states has become a talent competition, and instruction is to supply th em with a different get downing line. Third, instruction improves the advancement of scientific discipline and engineering to advance the economic growing. By leaving proficient cognition, instruction system trains people with scientific production accomplishments, there are programs to bit by bit develop the potency of people in the business, which required so that the single entree to vocational cognition, accomplishments and self-learning ability, in order to advance persons in professional places improve labour productiveness. ( Coffield, 1995 ) In that manner, people can better the usage of new engineerings, new procedures, new equipment capacity, ensuing in increased technological invention and production invention. What ‘s more is that the instruction is an effectual manner to organize a sort of system to cut down the information transportation cost. That ‘s why Michael says ( 1999 ) that â€Å" instruction promotes the development of the society and the economic system † . Today, the cognition economic system has brought great challenges to our society, in assorted Fieldss where take the human capital and technological invention as competitory premiss, instruction as the chief organic structure of forces developing and the chief bearer of the cognition production and airing, will go basis of the development in assorted industries. ( Binsardi & A ; Ekwulugo, 2003 ) Since the 1980th, all the states have carried out reform of higher instruction, most of import of which is to be market-oriented, and take the higher instruction as an industry to run. The British has carried out educational market and educational denationalization. ( Teddlie & A ; Reynolds, 2000 ) The development of private higher instruction industry is the most of import step in all states, which funding for the development of private higher instruction in a batch of money from the populace, cut downing the state ‘s fiscal load ; mostly adhere to the school of academic freedom and liberty, advancing the healthy development of scientific discipline and civilization ; produced and developed group of domestic and international first-class universities ; warrant from a little figure of phases of higher instruction to the popular phase and even the popular success of the passage stage ; for the economic system, particularly for forces transport a big figure of SMEs ; to break mee t people ‘s higher educational demands of a assortment of services and so on. This series of consequences are the positive impact of current British instruction system on society, peculiarly the societal economic system. ( Ursula, Richard & A ; Iain 2002 )5.0 DecisionBritss have a good academic repute in the universe, trusted and widely recognized as a first degree. The British instruction system is known as complex but the universe ‘s most strict and flexible instruction systems. It has many outstanding characteristics: foremost, it is career-oriented, British universities are to the full cognizant of the intent of higher instruction is to direct pupils in employment, the class of survey steadfastly grasp the demands of the occupation market. British learning methods focal point on inquiring pupils to make many coursework and presentation. Assignment are more practical issue-oriented, which need hands-on, squad coaction and imaginativeness, you can give full drama to th e originative power of pupils, this sense of invention will be alteration to invention ability which can advance societal economic in the future work of pupils. And the instruction in the UK is ever followed by the tendency of the times, the instructor ever take the latest, most promising content to learn, which is easy to develop people with the latest scientific theories. With all these advantages, it ‘s easy to understand why the instruction in the UK has so much impact on the society, particularly back uping the development of the economic system. Merely as what Halsey ( 2003 ) stated that, â€Å" Throughout the twentieth century, the relationship between instruction and the economic system has invariably assumed of all time greater significance. † Through a strict instruction, the British have been influenced by cognition and cultivated the ability to work and invention. When they leave the campus and travel to work, the power of endowment makes the UK market is full of economic verve and creativeness. Powerful states and economic prosperity relies on endowments trained from instruction. ( 1950 words )

A Rising Pharmacist Essay Example

A Rising Pharmacist Essay Example A Rising Pharmacist Essay A Rising Pharmacist Essay Today many people are sick and disabled. IVe seen many people that have become sicker than what they normally were. Illness brings problems that can be quite devastating, and it can lead to depression. IVe always question my self and asked myself, Will these problems disappear? Who can help these people? Are there solutions to decrease the sickness faced by people of today? I know that some day these problems will disappear, and we will become healthy individuals. The health of others is my greatest concern because it affects this world for them and not only for The health of others around me has such a great effect that I want to become a pharmacist. I plan to obtain skills in such areas of pharmacy that will promote a better heath rate. In the field of pharmacy, I wish to change the hardships and the complication that patients have in order for them to receive medications. I want to make the prices lower but at the same time heal the patients. l, being a part of the pharmacy departments, will change the hopes today of patients. Then they too can have a chance ofa happy ending life. I am very please to have the option of becoming a pharmacist. IVe had many things taught to me that ensure me of becoming a great pharmacist. At the complex center in Woodville, Mississippi, I was accredited with skills such as drug calculations, drug classification, and terminology of medical terms. I competed in the HOSA bowl and was placed fourth out of twenty students in the pharmacology area. I am sure that with my skills IVe obtained, I will become the best pharmacist there is. By becoming a pharmacist, the health of others will become very hopeful because I will make it my obligation to implement the best drugs.

Famous Life Quotes - A Select Collection

Famous Life Quotes - A Select Collection What is this life if full of care; we have no time to stand and stare. These famous lines from the poem Leisure by W H Davis sum up my attitude towards life. The life we lead must be worth living.Think about it. Every one gets the same twenty four hours in a day. But only a handful realize the value of time. Make sure to utilize your time wisely. Dont pursue unattainable goals and remain disappointed. Real happiness lies in enjoying every moment of your life, doing what you wish to do. Build your life, minute by minute, with memories of love, kindness, and courage. Reflect on the words of famous people. Understand their perspective about life, and gain new knowledge. A Zen SayingSit quietly, doing nothing, spring comes, and the grass grows by itself. Ernest L. WoodwardSo great has been the endurance, so incredible the achievement, that, as long as the sun keeps a set course in heaven, it would be foolish to despair of the human race. Ralph Waldo EmersonSo much of our time is preparation, so much is routine, and so much retrospect, that the path of each mans genius contracts itself to a very few hours. Samuel JohnsonSome desire is necessary to keep life in motion. Thomas FullerSome have been thought brave because they were afraid to run away. Jane RubiettaSomeone may have stolen your dream when it was young and fresh and you were innocent. Anger is natural. Grief is appropriate. Healing is mandatory. Restoration is possible. Stephen CoveyStrength lies in differences, not in similarities. Kenneth HildebrandStrong lives are motivated by dynamic purposes. Vincent LombardiSuccess demands singleness of purpose. Booker T. WashingtonSuccess is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome.

Article Analysis V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article Analysis V - Essay Example Thus it is a matter of effective communication. This is easier done in the language and culture of the consumer. In other words, the company must acquaint itself with the language and culture of consumers in order to communicate with them. In this regards, the packaging of the item being marketed also plays an important role. Standard packaging helps to create a brand identity. In the movie industry for example, dubbing is often done in local languages and this practice has improved in international studios. Differences in language and culture â€Å"have a significant impact on the way a product may be used in a market, its brand name and the advertising campaign† (Bhushan) as McDonald’s learnt for example, when they failed to appreciate the social cultural dimensions of the market in India. This makes the market hard to break into. To illustrate the problem of language in another region, the sound of Coca-Cola for example, translates into Chinese as ‘A thirsty mouthful of candle wax’. To get round this, the product is known as ‘Kee Kou Keele’ in China, which means ‘Joyful tastes and happiness’. Espoir Cosmetics is an international cosmetics company that wanted to create a new global branding initiative. Natasha Singh who is the executive vice president and global marketing officer of Espoir observes, â€Å"A global strategy will resonate in India in some cases, but I doubt if we will be able to do away with local marketing initiatives. It’s tough to overcome cultural differences.† Thus, she makes it clear that a brand identity must be created in the local region. And, this requires communicating in the language and culture of the region. In this way, the ‘packaging’ is properly targeted. But this is not without some difficulties. The problem with a standard global strategy is that there is a tendency towards ‘overstandardization’ or ‘oversimplification’, which also

Red Capitalism Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Red Capitalism Book Review - Essay Example It also gives readers an idea of how government runs China’s financial system and state-owned enterprises. It is interesting to note that unlike other developed countries, China tends to have a political system that is not stable. Renminbi is also not a convertible and internationally recognized currency. Chinese is also known for its high-context culture. It is hard to control and manage businesses without intervention by the party or government. It is claimed, â€Å"The Party is able to ensure its control over China’s most powerful business groups by having the power to appoint their top management† (Walter and Howie 193). The authors also point out how China wants to reform its financial systems in order to connect with other international firms and banks to attract investors to come by implementing international reporting standard. China’s economy in past 30 years definitely has grown from the primitive one to a more modernized and internalized one with effort of American investment bankers and implementation of international accounting, financial, legal system. Indeed, China is now proudly represented by 44 companies on the Fortune Global 500 list (Walter and Howie 11). The financial system is dominated by four big banks, which include Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, and Industrial, and Commercial Bank of China. These four banks also control 45% of China’s total financial assets. The Party wants these banks to support the SOEs in all circumstances (Walter and Howie 47). Banks are the main tools for the party to facilitate country’s economy growth. Bank lending and indirect financing seems to be the only way to achieve GDP growth and attract foreign investors. Surprisingly, the Big 4 banks increase their lending at nearly 20% per annum (Walter and Howie 51). The Party tells the bank to loan to the SOEs, but it seems that it is unable to tell the SOEs to repay the loans (Walter and Howie 47). Therefore, the balance