The Affordable Care Act ( Obama Care ) - 908 Words

For this reaction paper, I have chosen the topic of whether or not I believe that the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) should be repealed, replaced with something else, or stay in its current form. I believe that Obama Care should be fully repealed. However, I don’t believe that just repealing this legislation is enough. I believe that there should be a series of reforms ready for implementation that follow free market principles and that will restore economic freedom. There are far more cons than pros about Obama Care, which is all the more reason that it needs to be repealed. First of all, in order to get the money to help insure all of the people who have Obama Care there must be more taxes. These taxes are mostly on high-earners and†¦show more content†¦Although I have only named a few cons of Obama Care, there are more where those came from. With the upcoming election for president, we have a chance at having Obama Care repealed. The presumptive Republican party nominee, Donald Trump, has a plan in place that will be ready to take action if he is elected president. If he is elected president, Congress will be asked to immediately repeal Obama Care. Together Donald Trump and Congress will then work together to implement a series of reforms that follow free market principles. The reforms will restore economic freedom to everyone in this country. Donald Trump’s plan will broaden health care access, make health care more affordable, and improve the quality of the care available. As part of a comprehensive reform effort, the Trump Administration will work to restore faith in government and economic liberty. The first step in the reformation will be to completely repeal Obama Care. The individual mandate must be eliminated because no one should be required to buy insurance unless they want to. The second step of his plan will be to modify the existing law that prevents health insurance being sold across the states. As long as the insurance complies with the state’s regulations, it should be able to be sold there. Next, individuals should be allowed to deduct health insurance premium payments from their tax returns. If businesses are allowed to do

The Freedom Of Civil Liberties - 1460 Words

The Freedom of Civil Liberties One might ask the importance of civil liberties after so many years. The answer is that we are all touched by these liberties every day. Even though civil liberties were embedded into the Bill of Rights in the late 1800’s, we today, as Americans, still have the right to be protected against any abusive power used by the government (Bianco Canon, 2015, p. 106). Although Americans are protected fully today, it took over a century for all civil liberties to be implemented. With several civil liberties in place, which is most important? Which liberty protects us as Americans, most significantly? I believe all of our civil liberties are equally as beneficial and lead to the safety of every citizen in the United†¦show more content†¦To understand civil liberties, one must first understand why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. Civil liberties include balancing interests. There has to be a balance between a citizen’s free dom, the government interests, and public safety (Bianco Canon, 2015, p. 107). Along with balancing interests came drawing lines and defining the limits of acceptable conduct by the government or an individual citizen in the context of a specific civil liberty (Bianco Canon, 2015, p. 108). Although the courts outline the limitations of our civil liberties, often times, other branches of government and the public get involved. There were early concerns of the public as to how our civil liberties would be defined (Bianco Canon, 2015, p.109). As stated in American Politics Today, there were only limited protections outlined in the original Constitution, such as protection against illegal incarceration (Bianco Canon, 2015, p. 109). States were adamant about individuals requiring protection from the federal government. The fight for the Bill of Rights was not necessarily an easy one. Because the Bill of Rights only applied to the national government, another amendment was submitted t hat also required states to also uphold civil liberties (Bianco Canon, 2015, p. 109). This was denied by congress as the Bill of Rights was to make the national government stronger. Unfortunately, the Bill of Rights had a minorShow MoreRelatedCivil Liberties And Multiculturalism : The Freedom Of The Human Mind1430 Words   |  6 PagesSara Racchi Professor Vinecour Civil Liberties Multiculturalism INSERT DATE INSERT TITLE While speaking about the University of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson once said, â€Å"This institution will be based on the illimitable freedom of the human mind. 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The distinction is important since not all are eligible to vote though they all should enjoy their freedoms. This may no longer be feasible as majority of the civil rights are taken to include

Plate Tectonics Essay Example For Students

Plate Tectonics Essay Plate TectonicsPrior to World War II, humans were conformed with the idea that the Earth and its continents had been basically unchanged since the beginning of time. A German meteorologist, Alfred Wegener observed that the coastlines of the seven continents could be fitted together almost perfectly like a jigsaw puzzle. If fitted together, the geological dating the land would match as well as other geological features. He believed that this was more than coincidence, which happened to be the belief at the time. By putting all the continents together, he formed a large landmass that he named Pangea. This would also explain the same fossils found on 2 continents, separated by large oceans. Although the continents fit together nicely, and it would solve many of the earths mysteries, people still rejected the idea that the continents moved for several reasons. Ignorance and strong religious beliefs played a part in this, but it was mainly rejected because of the lack of a good explanatio n for the movement of the continents. Wegeners theory for the movement of continents was called continental drift. This was not believable at the time because there was no way the continents could move through the rigid ocean floor. During WWII, people started to explore the ocean floor and discovered evidence that would prove Wegeners ideas about land movement. The most interesting feature of the ocean was the ridges running along the ocean floor. It was discovered that earthquakes were abundant along the ridges that let magma flow from them. The magma would flow out these ridges and push the Earth away from it. This sea floor spreading was how the continents had moved over millions of years. The earths crust is in mobile sections called plates, moved by the circulation of magma in a layer of the earth called the mantle. The moving and colliding of plates form many of todays landforms such as the Himalayan Mountains. They were formed when India moved into Asia, colliding and making the shores of India go underneath Asia. Although we have found much on plate tectonics, there are still some unanswered questions. The depths of the plates are still unknown. Scientists are still unsure on how the motion of the mantl e was initiated. There are many theories on how plate tectonics works and why the polarization of the Earth switches every million years but there have been no concrete facts. Plate tectonics needs to be explored more in order to solve much of the mysteries of the earth. It has already answered many questions about the geologic history. The moving plates, volcanoes, and faults explain much of the earths topography. If we come to a better understanding of plate tectonics, the evolution of different species of animals will become clearer to us. The history of plate tectonics will help us understand the past migrations of species and even early humans. Not only can studying plate tectonics help in understanding the past but can help predict the future. Advancement of these theories may help predict earthquakes in plenty of time to spare millions of lives and can help us predict the topography of the future.

Management and Leadership Developing Effective

Question: Discuss about the Management and Leadership for Developing Effective. Answer: Introduction The report tells about the concepts like professional accounting, management and public relation issues in the workplace. Professional accounting is an organization of accountants, which reveal and retain competence. Management helps to administer everything within company, they have to focus over various things in an organization, as they are the important part of organization in regard of maintain everything. Organization, is a mixture of employees from various places, this creates issues and conflicts. Many problems arise in company day-to-day basis, which has to be removed for that, strategies are formulated along with maintaining all issues in public relation with their proper strategies. Identification of Professional Accounting and Management and Public relation issues at workplace Professional Accounting can be defined as the field of accounting, which includes the professional body of accountants in the field. It can also be called as an organization in a particular jurisdiction. It includes chartered accountant, chartered professional accountant, certified public accountant and certified professional accountant (Parker, Guthrie, and Linacre, 2011). Professional accounting at the workplace is industry, financial services, education and the public. Professional accounting is followed by the professional accountants, which includes a wide variety of job functions, such as leadership and management. It is used to provide the guidance for the issues in the workplace in, which they work. The professional accountants in the business focus on the areas, which includes ethics, risk management, and control. It also includes competencies in the business. The professional accountant role is mandatory in the workplace. It is the responsibility of the management for the financial information produced by the Company. The professional accountants play an important role in auditing, and taxation (Uyar, and Gungormus, 2011). It is helpful in the stability and progress in the society. The professional accountants in the business are considered as invaluable assets of the company. The professional accountants have the basic skills and knowledge of the companys financials. The professional accountants have the deep understanding of the workplace environment. The professional accountant training helps them to overcome the challenges and issues in the workplace. It also helps the business to reduce cost and overcome the risks. In the business professional accountants represents as the shareholders of the public company. The professional accountants role is to approve the annual budgets of the company it also plays a role in appointing the chief executive of the company. The professional accountant has also the right to take action in context, of the companys financial health. This is also helpful in creating the business strategies of the business. The independent assurance is provided by the professional accountant for the risk management of the organizations and internal control processes effectively operates. There are various issues, which the management faces in the workplace. There are various issues of the employees such as personality traits, and issues of the supervisors. The management also faces team problems in the organization. Here, is also the problem of lack of communication between the teams and it affects the performance of the employees. There are wide problems in the organization, which deals with the issues in the organization such as costs (Weiss, 2014). The inter-personal conflicts in the organization are also an issue for the management. Stakeholders issues, which are faced by management. It includes paying low wages to the employees, discriminating the employees on the basis of gender. The management also faces the issue of fairness with the stakeholders. The played politics at the workplace is also an issue at the workplace, which creates misunderstanding between the employers and employees and it becomes an issue for the management. The client services are also an issue for the management in the organization. It can also be called as a challenge as they had to keep their customers and clients happy. The handling of customers complaints in an organization is also an issue or challenge for the management and the termination of an employee (Grunig, 2013). It is mandatory for the management to take the right decision for the organization as it can become issue. Supporting the employees is also addressed as an issue for the management such as poor performance of the employees, behavior of the staff. The maintaining of changes in the organization is also considered as an issue for the management. Public relations include the communication, which is based on knowledge in the local area and as well as globally. The communication is a critical issue for the public relations. There are various issues in the public relations between employers, employees and customers within or outside the organization. It includes the issue of lack of communication. The customers are the main part of public relation issues. The satisfaction of customer need is important and lacking satisfaction in the customer needs is an issue for the employees and employers public relations. The issue in the public relations is such as the loss of organization reputation, the financial loss is also an issue for the organization. The resistance to change in the organization is also a problem in the relations of the public. It also includes an increase in competition, globalization (Benn, Dunphy, and Griffiths, 2014). Changes are the main issues in the public relations. The certain employees do not accept the chan ges in the workplace, which is an issue for the public relations. The changes in technology are also an issue as when there is a change in the technology. It is difficult to operate by the employees who are unknown about the new technology. The biggest issue in the public relations at the workplace is the lack of talent, which is needed to be improved for the organization. (Ulrich, and Sarasin, 2012). The decision-making is also the problem in the workplace. The relation with the media is also an issue as it deals with the reputation of the organization. It has to maintain the good relationship with the media. The latest technologies are also an issue for the public relations. Moreover, it is to identify the media of right kind and it is to build a profitable and equitable relationship. There can be an issue for the new employees as they dont know about the other employee getting more then, which is being worked for longer. Injustice can also be an issue in public relations at the workplace. The multiple channels are there for promoting the organization and it increases competition and it is an issue in the public relations. The public relation issues also include lack of public relations training. It includes messaging in an improper way, and wrong identification of goals. Solution to the public relation and management issues at workplace and their justification as well as Analisation The knowledge from the above discussion of public relation issues that there are various ways to overcome those problems such as lack of communication with the employees and the customers can overcome by coordinating with the employees. It also includes allowing the employees to give their views for any kind of discussion. It is mandatory to involve the employees in the decision-making process. The lacking of training experience is also a public relation issue, which can be solved by researching more in the context of interest of the audience. In the above question, the issues of management are also being discussed and here, the solution can be given to the problems. The lacking of communication can be solved by engaging in role play and identifying of opportunities so as to improve the skills. Making of good relations with the employees can solve the management issues at the workplace. Solving the problems of the employees. The issues can be solved by fairness as treating equally to all at the workplace. The resolving of conflict at the workplace by the management can overcome the issues (Dozier, Grunig, and Grunig, 2013). To overcome the issues of management safety measures should be taken into consideration of the employees at the workplace. The management should support the Teamwork at the workplace in order to overcome the issues. It would help the management to build a strong bonding between the employees. The certain issues faced by the management should be discussed in an open as it would help in solving the issues at the workplace (Dewey, and Rogers, 2012). The politics conflicts issues can overcome when the employees will concentrate on their work rather than paying attention or interfering in others work. The injustice must be ignored between the employees as the management must not be partial to anyone of the employees. These things can overcome the issues, which creates problems in the organization. The public relation issues can overcome when there is an active listening of the employers towards their employees. The training sessions should be provided for the employees so as to overcome the issue of public relations. It can be justified that the issue arises at the workplace whenever there is a gap between the expectations of the stakeholders. The organization should consist of two-way communication between stakeholders and the organization. The issues can be solved by compromising about the conflicts happening in the organization. Open up Communication is the way to reduce issues in the management. The encouragement of the employees plays an important role in solving the issues. The feedback from staff can overcome the issues of the organization. The management should adopt different techniques so as to overcome the issues (Spicer, 2013). There must be good public relations between employees as well as with the customers to which the company is serving. Advertising is also mandatory to have good public relations with the public. It would help in achieving the success of the organization. The good perception is also the solution for overcoming public relation issues. It includes the perception of customers and employees. The reputation of the company is based on the public relations. The good public relations also includes good relation with the employees as when there will be good relations they would encourage the employees to satisfy the customers. The public relation is based on employee relations, media relations, and relation with the community (Sparrow, 2011). The maintenance of public relation is mandatory so as to make positive image outside the world. These are maintained through the planned tactics and strategies in communication. The maintenance of public perception is mandatory for the employees. The feedback is also important so as to know the customers that where the organization is lacking in the market. These are int erconnected with each other as when there is good relation within the organization then, it would help the employees to make good relation with the customers. The loyalty is also important for the employees as well as their customers. There are various management issues, which are mandatory to be identified for the better management of the organization (Smith, 2013). The management faces different issues, which are to be solved by two-way communication within the organization. The right decision making is to be adopted for solving the problem within the organization. In order to overcome the issues, it is mandatory for the management to involve the employees in the decision making process and listening to their views and innovative ideas. It is being analyzed from the above discussion of the public relation issues and management issues that there are different issues, which are there within or outside the organization. Moreover, to overcome these issues there are solutions. It is being analyzed from the above discussion that Public relation and management face issues of lacking communication. The issue of decision-making process is also being analyzed (Doorley, and Garcia, 2011). To overcome these issues engagement of the employees is mandatory for the decision-making process. It can be recommended to the organization to develop the communication with the employees as well as the customers. Strategies addressed for the project A course of action outlined to attain a long-term objectives or objectives overall is known as strategy. The idea of strategy was taken from the military and was altered to make it usable for business. Acquiring the idea was simple due to the reason alteration needed has been unassuming. In business, alike in the military, strategy connects the gap among plans and tactics. Collectively, tactics and plans connect the gap between ends and means (Nickols, 2012). Strategy is essential for an organization due to following reasons (Makein, 2017). Strategy helps to attain clarity and focus on the target. Understanding is developed about the recent business in a better way. Business future is secured and is enhanced on a long-term Strategies create the new opportunities for the organization. Strategies help to review the business and make improvements (if required). Strategies assist towards the achievement of better business outcomes. There are various kinds of problems being faced by the organization overall like management problems, public relation problems, etc. To cope up with these problems organization develops various strategies, to create a healthy environment within an organization. Management strategies are very significant for every company due to the reason they assist to refine team efforts and assure that human resources are on the similar pitch. These strategies present guidance on certain actions and target organization desires to achieve. The strategies are necessarily reference books that assist administer human resources. Management strategies are also very significant due to the reason markets are continuously altering. Therefore, organizations required being prepared to outline approaches that assist them to get on the pulse of consumers. The strategies can target on definite forms of organizations from development tactics to worker relations. Organizations can employ management-consulting bodies to assist them to evaluate organizations accounts and guide them in the required procedure to make sure accomplishment (Paludi, 2012). Management strategies in different scenarios of organization are as follows: Strategies for attaining higher performance of employees can be, employees should be clear and accurate about their work and responsibility role in an organization, organization should ask employees about the best way of achieving targets, trust, capability, and engagement of employees should be considered (Forbes, 2016). Strategies for removing workplace conflicts and stress can be effective communication with employees, employees participation in decision-making, independence, timely feedbacks, responsibility and realistic organizational goals should be there, decentralization should be introduced for making things coordinated at one place, fair incentives, and job rotation, job enrichment for keeping employees interest alive, good working environment (Roche, Teague and Colvin, 2014). Strategies for improving the communication in workplace can be, proper and full attention is mandatory to reduce any kind o f hindrance in communication, clear conversation without any fluffs and fillers, significant points should be told with pause, communication should be done carefully, words must be used with proper attention, thoughts and ideas should be clearly explained and clarified (Armstrong, 2012). Public relation strategies are helping the organization to keep the business in the mind of the public at front line along with proper structure and creditability, PR is like a reference book for success (Bizease, 2017). The corporate communication strategies are the backbone for the public relation strategies. The public relation strategies can be developed by the use of following ways (CP communications, 2017). Decide goals and objectives to be obtained Prepare the core messages for the target audience Identify tactics to achieve the public relation goals Decide the time for all the identified tactics for analyzing whether tactics were able to complete the goals on time or not Finally to measure the success In this respect there are strategies helping the organization to build a strong relation with the public, which is as follows: Media relations: Media is a very powerful tool, which can make the image of anything in the mind of the public. It depends on whether good or bad image. Good media relation helps the organization to keep the news related business of theirs at front. Media can help the organization to keep the business of any organization at the front line in the mind of consumers, which can be a strong opportunity in creating a strong reputation and goodwill (Smiths, 2011). Know your market: the Public relation is one of the rapid altering market alike technologies, organizations should be very careful and aware of what all happening across surrounding, which can help to keep the consumers ahead. Consumers preferences keep on changing with time, it is essential for the organization to be aware of these changes, to make the target consumers on the game (Grunig, 2013). Use technology: In todays world, there are various technologies, which can be used to reach consumers all across. This will make business to go wider and long-standing in the market. Promotions can also be made with the help of technology like online marketing. Technology keeps on changing very fast, it is necessary to meet out with upgraded technology on time. Otherwise, it will not be possible for the organizations to create the business reputation and goodwill in the mind of the consumers (Smiths, 2011). Social awareness: Local awareness is a best public relation strategy, if the company can present something to the public, as an outcome of new goods or service, the company will be in a far improved situation to obtain positive public relation (Grunig, 2013). Conclusion From the report, it can be concluded that professional accounting is an important tool for an organization. It helps to keep the track of everything, guides over financial decisions and permits to focus on the best, which have to be done. Management is a significant part of every company. It allows administering of things in accuracy, a beneficial tool that guides employees very well in direction of achieving targets well on time. Management strategies assist companies towards refining of team efforts and assuring that employees are on the path of achieving targets. Conflict management, stress management, communication management strategies are all strategies helping to cope up with the problems arising in an organization. Public relation, a vital mode for a company to get their reputation and goodwill strong in the market, company forms various strategies in this regard. References Armstrong, M. (2012) Armstrong's Handbook of Management and Leadership:Developing Effective People Skills for Better Leadership and Management. USA: Kogan Page Publisher Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A. (2014) Organizational change for corporate sustainability. UK: Routledge. Bizease (2017) Top 5 Benefits of a Consistent Public Relations Strategy. Available at: https://www.bizeasesupport.com/top-5-benefits-of-a-consistent-pr-strategy/ (Accessed: 23 January, 2017) CP communications (2017) How to create a PR Strategy. Available at: https://publicrelationssydney.com.au/how-to-create-a-pr-strategy/ (Accessed: 23 January, 2017) Dewey, J. and Rogers, M.L. (2012) The public and its problems: An essay in political inquiry. USA: Penn State. Doorley, J. and Garcia, H.F. (2011) Reputation management: The key to successful public relations and corporate communication. UK: Routledge. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E. (2013) Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. UK: Routledge. Forbes (2016) Three Management Strategies You Can Use Today For Higher Team Performance. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinready/2016/02/02/three-management-strategies-you-can-use-today-for-higher-team-performance/#519248a1570e (Accessed: 23 January, 2017) Grunig, J. E. (2013) Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. UK: Routledge Grunig, J.E. (2013) Excellence in public relations and communication management. UK: Routledge. Makein (2017) What Are The Benefits Of Having A Business Strategy. Available at: https://makinithappen.co.uk/Articles/What-Are-The-Benefits-Of-Having-A-Business-Strategy.html (Accessed: 23 January, 2017) Nickols, F. S. (2012) Strategy: Definitions and Meaning. Available at: https://www.nickols.us/strategy_definition.htm (Accessed: 23 January, 2017) Paludi, M. A. (2012) Managing Diversity in Today's Workplace: Strategies for Employees and Employers [4 volumes]. US: ABC-CLIO Parker, L.D., Guthrie, J. and Linacre, S. (2011) The relationship between academic accounting research and professional practice. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 24(1), pp.5-14. Roche, W. K., Teague, P., and Colvin, A. J. S. (2014) The Oxford Handbook of Conflict Management in Organizations. England: OUP Oxford Smith, R.D. (2013) Strategic planning for public relations. UK: Routledge. Smiths, R. (2011) Strategic Planning for Public Relations. Available at: https://faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/pr/steps.htm (Accessed: 23 January, 2017) Sparrow, M.K. (2011) The regulatory craft: controlling risks, solving problems, and managing compliance. USA: Brookings. Spicer, C. (2013) Organizational public relations: A political perspective. UK: Routledge. Ulrich, P. and Sarasin, C. (2012) Facing public interest: The ethical challenge to business policy and corporate communications. Germany: Springer. Uyar, A. and Gungormus, A.H. (2011) Professional knowledge and skills required for accounting majors who intend to become auditors: Perceptions of external auditors. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(3), p.33. Weiss, J.W. (2014) Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. USA: Berrett-Koehler.

Avoid Career Regret with These 6 Tips

Avoid Career Regret with These 6 Tips Getting a job is hard enough, but if you’re playing the long game for career fulfillment and success, it’s never a good idea to rest too long on your laurels. Rather than getting lazy and complacent, why not stay hungry and strategic, and keep your eyes on that ultimate prize, whatever yours may be. Here are 6 things you should always keep in mind if you want to look back and not have any career regrets. Click for more.Don’t always put money firstObviously, it’s important to make enough to support yourself and whomever else you need to care for. But constantly making moves in order to maximize what you make? That can lead you into all sorts of unsatisfying situations.Once you reach a certain threshold of financial comfort, ask yourself with each potential move: is this going to make me happier or just more rich? Focus on work that keeps you interested, challenged, and smiling on your way to work. Rather than the drudgery or soul-selling for the fancy pay-o ut. It’s also a great way to avoid burning out.Push your own boundariesEvery so often, push yourself out of your own comfort zone. Try taking an opportunity you might ordinarily say no to, or learning a skill you didn’t think you’d ever need. The broader your interests and skills, the more you’ll get out of your work life.Trust your gutIf you sense impending shake-ups or lay-offs or feel you’re on a sinking ship, be smart and start looking before disaster strikes. If a position doesn’t smell right for some reason? Take your time and look elsewhere. Learning to hone (and trust!) your instincts can be an invaluable skill that will help steer you straight for your entire career.Keep ‘em sweetIf ever you have to leave a hell job, or quit on a demon boss, resist the temptation to burn bridges. Take the moral high road, keep it classy, walk out with your head held high having done everything you could to stay respectful. You never know when you might run into former colleagues or supervisors again down the line. Gain a reputation for professionalism, not pique.Stay sharpKeep a constant eye on the trends in your field. That means watching out for new systems and software, participating in additional training, keeping on top of new qualifications you can acquire. Staying devoted to learning will nurture you in multiple ways, but will also keep you fiercely marketable.Shoot for the moonYou know, in nice and steady, measured, incremental shots. Do have a big dream and do pursue it. Just try to do so as smartly and well-preparedly as you can. Put your big dream on a hidden post-it somewhere and keep that in mind as you go through every humdrum workday. Eye on the prize.

Chapter 6 Essay

Chapter 6 Essay Chapter 6 Essay Chapter 6 Project Team Building, Conflict, and Negotiation 06-01 Chapter 6 Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, students will be able to: ï‚â€"Understand the steps involved in project team building. ï‚â€"Know the characteristics of effective project teams and why teams fail. ï‚â€"Know the stages in the development of groups. ï‚â€"Describe how to achieve cross-functional cooperation in teams. Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-02 Chapter 6 Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, students will be able to: ï‚â€"See the advantages and challenges of project teams. ï‚â€"Understand the nature of conflict and evaluate response method. ï‚â€"Understand the importance of negotiation skills in project management. Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-03 FIGURE 6.3 Basic Steps in Assembling a Project Team Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-04 Effective Project Teams ï  ¶Clear Sense of Mission ï  ¶Productive Interdependency ï  ¶Cohesiveness ï  ¶Trust ï  ¶Enthusiasm ï  ¶Results Orientation Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-05 Reasons Why Teams Fail ï‚â€"Poorly developed or unclear goals ï‚â€"Poorly defined project team roles & interdependencies ï‚â€"Lack of project team motivation ï‚â€"Poor communication ï‚â€"Poor leadership ï‚â€"Turnover among project team members ï‚â€"Dysfunctional behavior Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-06 Stages in Group Development 1. Forming – members become acquainted 2. Storming – conflict begins 3. Norming – members reach agreement 4. Performing – members work together 5. Adjourning – group disbands Punctuated Equilibrium is a different model Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-07 Team Development Stages Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall FIGURE 6.4 06-08 Model of Punctuated Equilibrium FIGURE 6.5 Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-10 Achieving Cross-Functional Cooperation Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall FIGURE 6.6 06-11 Building High-Performing Teams Make the project team tangible ï‚â€"Publicity ï‚â€"Terminology & language Reward good behavior ï‚â€"Flexibility ï‚â€"Creativity ï‚â€"Pragmatism Develop a personal touch ï‚â€"Lead by example ï‚â€"Positive feedback for good performance ï‚â€"Accessibility & consistency Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-12 Virtual Project Teams use electronic media to link members of a geographically dispersed project team How Can Virtual Teams Be Improved? ïÆ' ¼Use face-to-face communication when possible ïÆ' ¼Don’t let team members disappear ïÆ' ¼Establish a code of conduct ïÆ' ¼Keep everyone in the communication loop ïÆ' ¼Create a process for addressing conflict Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 06-13 Conflict Management Conflict is a process that begins when you perceive that someone has frustrated or is about to frustrate a major concern of yours. Categories Views Goal-oriented Administrative Interpersonal Copyright  © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Traditional Behavioral Interactionis t

Buyer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Buyer behaviour - Assignment Example The report has been prepared to focus the purchasing behaviour of the user for the Samsung products. Samsung is an international conglomerate company, which was founded in 1938 and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The product portfolio of the company comprise of apparel, medical equipments, electronic components, telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, ships and semiconductors. Samsung also provides wide range of services such as financial services, advertising, health care and medical services, retail, hospitality, entertainment and construction services (Samsung, 2015). The psychological and sociological drivers of consumer behaviour will be assessed through the marketing analysis of Samsung by using different theories and models. Further, the impact of the marketing mix components on the decision-making process of the consumers will also be taken into consideration for the purpose of this report. The customers of Samsung are grouped on the basis of geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation. According to geographic segmentation, Samsung is targeting the Chinese and Indian market as a priority and then focusing on other regions. According to demographic segmentation, age does not really matter for the Samsung products and it offers its services and goods for all the family sizes. The company targets the customers of middle, upper middle as well as higher class individuals. The company has segmented the customer into three different categories such as teachers and students, self employed and businessman. On the psychographic segmentation basis, Samsung is targeting the users based on their personality as well as lifestyle (Clow and Baack, 2011). Exposure: Mainly perception starts with exposure towards stimuli. Exposure occurs when stimuli come within any of the following senses such as touch, smell, vision, taste and hearing. It has been

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gun Control - Research Paper Example When one observes the recent political scenario in America with regard to this issue, one can see that the Democrats stand for the gun control measures and the Republicans oppose it. Many are of the opinion that the issues related with handgun by civilians and students have now become a severe issue and a real threat to the day to day life of the Americans. Even the sniper shootings are capable of providing the civilians sleepless nights. Some of the recent studies have identified that different states of America are in two layers regarding this issue. The sect that protests strongly against the gun control is the gun lobby which has gripped American society like an octopus. NRA (National Rifle Association), the most prominent gun lobby in America, upholds the Second Amendment of the American Constitution that protects individual’s right to use firearms for self defense, in order to hide their secret desires. In addition to this, they also resort to the verdict of the Supreme Court in the year 2001 that protected the right of the individuals to use fire arms. As it is the current state pertaining to the use of guns in America, there arise a notable question concerning the abuse of guns by the criminals, mentally ill persons and children. When people are protected by law with regard to the use of guns, one can certainly say that there is more probability for its abuse. The recent shooting at Chardon High School in Ohio and many other incidents invite one’s attention to the hazard of bearing weapons among the citizens. In the United States, gun related violence among the criminals; mentally ill persons and children show a gradual growth in recent years. Therefore, there should be strong regulations on when and how these weapons are practiced. Analyzing the cause and effects of increasing gun related violence, one can find the fact that gun ownership has become widespread and easier in the United States in recent years. Nowadays gun related deaths an d injuries among the public became a serious trouble in the United States. Existing mandatory laws in the United States permits lawful use of guns for personal defense among the public. Unfortunately, many people use their hand guns illegally and produce harmful effects. Persons who protest the gun control laws strongly argue that there are nominal evidences which prove that gun control reduce the crime rate. Increasing gun related crimes in the United States create relevant challenges against national security and individual freedom. However, an effective law or strict regulation is essential against the use of guns in the hands of criminals, mentally ill persons and children. The issue of gun related violence among the criminals, mentally ill persons and children in the United States Persons from criminal backgrounds often practice guns for their criminal activities and it causes for number of deaths, gun related injuries and heavy violence. Dissimilar from ordinary people, crimin als have the tendency to misuse gun in their daily life. In other words, people who engaged in criminal actions create their own law and social system. Therefore, gun uses among these criminal groups covey a negative message to society. In addition, the increase of gun related violence is a serious issue that reveals the failure of judiciary and legal system in the country. James K. Stewart, Director, National Institute of Justice, rightly observes that â€Å"

Process Improvement (Logistics) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Improvement (Logistics) - Research Paper Example All organizations irrespective of their industry segment work towards becoming the world’s supply chain management (SCM) leaders. This status is attained through the development of top line income growth via ameliorated client satisfaction, increased supply chain speed, and minimized overheads and cycle times. The role played by logistics excellence and transportation in an attempt to develop a state-of-the-art supply chain has become noticeable nowadays.Transportation expenses take up a significant amount of the supply chain and can be eliminated via Transportation Management Solutions (TMS).TMS can attain these savings by process improvement. Many organizations are capable of redeploying or reducing existing transportation overheads and employees significantly by automating main logistics and transportation processes through advanced TMS. Partially, this is achieved by automating manual jobs such as carrier selection, tendering and acceptance, and shipment planning resulting in improved productivity benefits for transportation faculty.A large number of firms can minimize operating costs by consolidating transportation routines at a network stage as opposed to having transportation staff at every ship level. Organizations using these "load control centers" network save a significant amount of overall freight bills and overhead.Inventory management includes the process of effectively ensuring a continuous movement of stocks out of and into the current inventory.

Causes Of Joint Failures Engineering Essay

Causes Of Joint Failures Engineering Essay This report emphasizes methods for determining, minimizing, and uniformly distributing the stress for cable joints and HV bushings. The analysis is intended to reduce the failures caused by high stressed, to provide maintenance cost reductions, and to improve service reliability. Predicting the remaining life of a joint is a major challenge to electric utilities, one that has long had the attention of design and maintenance engineers who manage overhead transmission lines. The recent joint failures reported by a few utilities follow the trend caused by aging joints and conductors. These problems are expected to increase over time because of higher line loadings under the current deregulated environment. Since typical inspection techniques have many limitations, it is currently difficult to isolate the components early enough to reliably avoid failure. If two electrical conductors are joined to form a stationary electric contact, i.e. an electric joint, the joint resistance does not remain constant but will increase during operating time. This long-term behaviour of the joint resistance can be influenced by different aging mechanisms like corrosion processes, interdiffusion, electromigration, fretting and stress relaxation. Especially in bolted aluminum joints at high current load, i.e. at high joint temperatures stress relaxation may play an important role in joint aging. Creep deformation of the conductor material decreases the joint force. The area and the number of a-spots decrease and may cause an increase of the constriction resistance which may occur suddenly, if mechanical vibrations act on the joint. In order to describe the factor of influence of creep on the aging behaviour of high current bolted aluminum joints, the relationship between the decreasing joint force and the joint resistance and the development of the joint force have to be determined. The relationship between the decreasing joint force and the joint resistance can be evaluated on the basis of the surface profile of the rough joint surfaces [7]. In order to extrapolate the development of the joint force beyond the time of experiments and to reduce the number of experiments with numerous types of joints geometry the development of the joint force is calculated. The calculation is performed by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) based on material parameters of the conductors and the physical fundamentals of creep [8]. Due to the structural characteristics of bushings and cable ends. the electric fields near the grounding flange are highly concentrated. and have a strong axial component, resulting in corona and gliding discharge. The traditional way of improving this condition is to apply semiconducting paint or band on the insulating surface by the flange. The electric field is evened by decreasing the surface resistance of the insulating surface. However, the effect is not very good due to the thinness of the applied material. In addition, the applied material will aging or peel off in time, decreasing its effect to zero. Failure Mechanisms Causes of Joint Failures Joint failures are expected to increase with the increase demand for heavier loading operations. Some of the key contributors to joint failures include: inadequate cleaning of the conductor, complete absence of conductor cleaning, absence of corrosion inhibitor, improperly inserted conductor, incomplete die closures, and high load fault currents contributing to aging with thermal stresses. Installation and Quality Assurance Issues One of the main reasons for joint failures is improper installation. Misalignment of steel sleeve, crimping with wrong dye, no grease present in splice, and improperly cleaned conductor can greatly accelerate the failure process. Other factors that influence failures are internal crevice corrosion, releasing of compression force by thermal cycling, creep due to line tension, and fatigue cracking on bent joints. Corrosion Problems Corrosion is a major factor in the deterioration process of splice/connectors. Figure below is anexample of a failed field joint. Characteristics of a Joint Failure The final failure mode of connectors is either mechanical or thermal. Sometimes the steel sleevehas been installed off-center, resulting in one end of the conductor being barely inserted. This can result in a mechanical failure. A thermal failure is the result of high resistance heating or individual strands failing with the same consequence. These situations can either melt components or cause the joint to lose its connection. Failures generally show evidence of both mechanical and thermal failure in combination. Temperature and Resistance Relationship The degradation of a joint can be observed by changes in its resistance and temperature. The interface resistance is a very small part of the total joint resistance until there are signs of damage. Because of this effect, no noticeable heating takes place until late in the failure cycle. High temperature values are usually the result of high resistance measurements in a component. Resistance is a function, to varying degrees, of temperature. As an abnormally high resistance component begins to heat up, resistance increases, resulting in an even faster rate of temperature increase. This physical property of electrical conductors can quickly make a bad situation worse! In addition, as the component heats it may reach the material melting point. Often a complete structural failure results and the line drops. More often, however, the melted metal re-solidifies; as this happens resistance decreases, and thus temperature, may be reduced. This is only a 2-3 temporary phenomenon, but if the inspection is conducted at this point in the failure cycle, the data will certainly be misleading! Eventually both resistance and heating will again increase, and the material will again melt. This melting and re-welding can take place many times before total failure occurs, especially when copper alloy components are involved. Design of High Voltage Cable Joints General For the stress control, basically the following methods are known: Geometrical, where the contour of conducting elements is controlling the electrical field at the end of a high voltage cable. Resistive, where the resistance of a semiconducting material is used to reduce the electrical stress in high field regions. Refractive, where material with a high permittivity is used for pushing away the field from high stress regions. The first method which refers to the geometry of the joint, is more of a mechanical way of reducing or controlling stress. If we have to cables and there is a joint connecting them, what ever the stress distribution may be, it is possible to control both the parameters that are stress concentration and stress distribution. For example, if we have a straight joint exactly alligned with the cable shape, whatever stress it shows, we can reduce or vary the stress distribution, and stress concentration can be decreased by applying changes to the joint shapes such chamfering the joint a bit, and also by varying its size to a possible extent. While the resistive and refractive method is successfully used for medium voltage applications up to 72.5kV maximum, the geometrical field control method is the standard method for high voltage and extra high voltage applications. Controlling the field by a well defined contour still offers the best quality from design and production point of view. To install a pre-moulded joint they are normally slipped-over the prepared cable on site by using grease and special push-on tools. Another technology, widely used in the medium voltage range, is the cold shrink technology. With this technique a pre-moulded joint body is pre-expanded on a support tube, which can be removed while being placed around the cable on site. It has the advantage that no push-on tools must be used. Electrical Design One basic function of every termination or joint is to control the electrical field at the endof a cable or between two cables. This means that the electrical field is controlled by the contour of conducting elements integrated into the joint body. During design stage FEM (Finite Element Method) calculation programs are an important tool as the latest versions of these programs offer a vast range of possibilities such as: Calculation of the electrical field in any direction of the joint body Optimization tools for calculating the optimum shape of stress control elements Solving of coupled fields, like thermo mechanical stresses Models for non-linear behavior of materials, like stresses in polymeric materials Simulation of slip-on procedures Choice of Material Nowadays the materials used for high voltage joints are silicone rubber and EPDM. The basic requirements for an elastomeric material are as follows: Sufficient mechanical properties in order being expandable in the required range. Capability to withstand the required temperature range. Availabilty of material with constant quality and constant purity. Low ageing with respect to electrical and mechanical properties. According the requirements given above silicone rubber is an ideal and preferred material for cable joints. Therefore it can be concluded that silicone rubber is an excellent material for the use in cable accessories as it can fully cope with the electrical, mechanical and thermal requirements given by nowadays polymeric cables. Ageing An important aspect, which we still have to consider is the ageing factor of insulating material and interface. The ageing can be described by the life time law as follows: EN * t = const. Where, E = Electrical field in the insulation t = Time, where the electric field is applied N = Lifetime coefficient Stress Analysis For the Stress Analysis we have used a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software in order to find the electric field distribution. We have done this by MAXWELL SV software. A little bit about the software first and then we proceed towards our analysis. USING THE SOFTWARE We have used a student version of MAXWELL SV software depending on the availability, which allows us to analyze a problem on the basis of 2D geometry. The resistive solution for reducing stress is of great importance as well. If another piece of metal is being used to joint two pieces of cable, it could produce more stress on the joint due to its own resistive and other properties. So, if the two pieces of wire are making contact through a third material, normally the third material is to be used as a jacket that overlaps two wires as shown below. In the above arrangement two cables have direct contact with each other and third material is making parallel circuit with two cables and is supporting electrical current through a joint. In the arrangement that involves a joint in series, the third material is making a series circuit with two cables and adding extra resistance to the joint with will increase the stress on the joint. On the other hand if we talk about the refractive part the situation could be explained as , if a single piece of sleeve is taken and we plot the rise in temperature due to sleeve. Exposed part of the cable will have low temperature as compared with the portion under sleeve and it will create difference of resistance at both ends of wire under sleeve, due to this difference thermal stresses on the ends of the two cables being joint. To reduce the stress it is recommended that sleeve should be good conductor to heat and the temperature of exposed part will be as same as the part under the shielded portion. SIMULATION BASED ANALYSIS For our simulation we have considered two cables joined together, where the joint between them is assumed to be a perfect one, and hence we can treat it as one perfect conductor. Therefore, the conductor can be a single copper cable as demonstrated in the results below. In reality when the cables are to be joined, the ends of the two separate cables must be stripped of its insulation. For modeling purposes this has been represented by a gap in the insulation between the conductor and outer sheath. This gap will initially be left empty to see the distribution with no insulation. In attempt to distribute the stress uniformly the gap will then be filled with a variety of material. The layer of the insulation at the joint is generally a lot thicker than the rest of the cable, and the simulations below make uses of this. The conductor has been assigned as a source of 500KV, and the outer sheath at ground potential. The insulating material for the two cables is XLPE. The results presented below show stress distribution in various scenarios where the geometry has been unchanged, and different insulation materials have been tested. Due to different properties of different insulating materials the stress distributions also vary. The first result presents the field distribution, where the gap has been left empty, to examine the initial stress with no insulation at all. Figure 1: Cable joint with no insulation at the joint XLPE Cable Insulation Outer Sheath (0V) Gap HV Conductor (500KV) In this situation the stress in the gap at the joint and surrounding insulation in very high. This would eventually result in failure of the joint due to the extreme stresses. Now that the initial stress has been determined, it is necessary to find how to minimize and uniformly distribute the stress. As mentioned previously the gap is now filled with a layer of a variety of materials. The layer at the joint is thicker than the insulation of a normal cable as to attempt to minimize and create a more uniform distribution of stress. Below the distribution for a variety of materials used to insulate the joint is presented. Figure 2: Field distribution for Silicon Insulated cable joint Joint Insulation Figure 3: Field distribution for FR4-Epoxy insulated cable joint Figure 4: Field distribution for Polyimide-Quartz insulated cable joint Figure 5: Field distribution for Polyethylene insulated cable joint Figure 6: Field distribution for Teflon insulated cable joint Figure 7: Field distribution for Polystyrene insulated cable Figure 8: Field distribution for Porcelain insulated cable Notice that there are two effects of using the thick insulation at the cable joint, first the concentration of the stress is brought down, and secondly the stress is distributed more uniformly. These are both important in ensuring the insulation is efficiently used, and maximizes the life span of the insulation. Notice that in the case of all but Polyimide-Quartz insulation the concentration is minimized somewhat, though the main effect is the uniform distribution of stress. On the other hand Polyimide-Quartz insulation greatly decrease the stress concentration, though the distribution is undesirable as the majority of the stress is concentrated at the conductor surface which will result in uneven wear of the insulation. Thus the optimal insulation will have even distribution of stress, and somewhat minimize the stress concentration. It was determined that the silicon insulation is best suited for this purpose. The distribution of the stress across the joint and surrounding insulatio n is very uniform, and the concentration is somewhat minimized as well. This result is consistent with industry practices as in general a thick layer of silicon is used at the joint for insulation []. Conclusion Cable Joints The Electric Stress has been determined for the general structure of a high voltage cable using finite element analysis, and a method suggested to create a more uniform, and less concentrated distribution of stress. The results obtained agree with what is currently standard practice in the high voltage industry. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS Background Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was first developed in 1943 by R. Courant, who utilized the Ritz method of numerical analysis and minimization of variational calculus to obtain approximate solutions to vibration systems. Shortly thereafter, a paper published in 1956 by M. J. Turner, R. W. Clough, H. C. Martin, and L. J. Topp established a broader definition of numerical analysis. The paper centered on the stiffness and deflection of complex structures. By the early 70s, FEA was limited to expensive mainframe computers generally owned by the aeronautics, automotive, defense, and nuclear industries. Since the rapid decline in the cost of computers and the phenomenal increase in computing power, FEA has been developed to an incredible precision. Present day super computers are now able to produce accurate results for all kinds of parameters. What is Finite Element Analysis? FEA consists of a computer model of a material or design that is stressed and analyzed for specific results. It is used in new product design, and existing product refinement. A company is able to verify a proposed design will be able to perform to the clients specifications prior to manufacturing or construction. Modifying an existing product or structure is utilized to qualify the product or structure for a new service condition. In case of structural failure, FEA may be used to help determine the design modifications to meet the new condition. There are generally two types of analysis that are used in industry: 2-D modeling, and 3-D modeling. While 2-D modeling conserves simplicity and allows the analysis to be run on a relatively normal computer, it tends to yield less accurate results. 3-D modeling, however, produces more accurate results while sacrificing the ability to run on all but the fastest computers effectively. How Does Finite Element Analysis Work? FEA uses a complex system of points called nodes which make a grid called a mesh . This mesh is programmed to contain the material and structural properties which define how the structure will react to certain loading conditions. Nodes are assigned at a certain density throughout the material depending on the anticipated stress levels of a particular area. Regions which will receive large amounts of stress usually have a higher node density than those which experience little or no stress. Points of interest may consist of: fracture point of previously tested material, fillets, corners, complex detail, and high stress areas. The mesh acts like a spider web in that from each node, there extends a mesh element to each of the adjacent nodes. This web of vectors is what carries the material properties to the object, creating many elements. Introduction Bushings In todays competitive market, there is a need for the bushing manufacturing industry to improve bushing efficiency and to reduce costs; because high-quality low-cost products and processes have become the key to survival in the global economy. The reliability of equipment and facilities used in a power system is an essential precondition of the energy transmission security. High voltage bushing breakdown is one of the major contributors to the transformer failures. Since the electrical design of the HV bushings is the most important part of their manufacturing process, finding an algorithm for the electrical design of bushings in an optimum way is very important. Bushing failure is one of the leading causes of transformer failures. The electrical design of capacitive grading bushings is one of the important parts of manufacturing of these kinds of bushings. Capacitive grading bushings contain embedded in their insulation core concentric conductive foils, which are isolated from each other. By adjusting the diameter and length of these cylinders, the electrical stress and voltage drop in the core and along its surface can be influenced by variation of the ratio of the partial capacitances between the conducting cylinders, [1]. The grading of ac-bushing is achieved from the capacitances that are formed between the grading foils and thus determined by the permittivity of the insulating material. HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHINGS Bushings provide a point of interface such that the electric current can pass to and from the apparatus. The current is at some potential above ground and must be electrically insulated from the tank walls which are at ground potential. It can be thought of like a bridge where the potential is the length of the bridge and the longer the bridge the more support it must have such that it will not come into contact with the ground. The current path is the number of lanes. If the number of lanes are reduced on part of the bridge under heavy traffic flow, a multi-car pile up will occur. The two key factors are: 1) Insulating System to prevent a failure mode of over voltage. 2) Conductor Path to prevent a failure mode of over current. Over voltage will cause a flash over in the insulation and over current will cause overheating in the conductor due to I^2 * R losses. Figure 9: Diagram of typical high voltage bushings General Types: High-voltage bushings for use on transformers and breakers are made in several principal types, as follows: Composite Bushing.- A bushing in which insulation consists of two or more coaxial layers of different insulating materials. Compound-Filled Bushing.-A bushing in which the space between the major insulation (or conductor where no major insulation is used) and the inside surface of a protective weather casing (usually porcelain) is filled with a compound having insulating properties. Condenser Bushing.- A bushing in which cylindrical conducting layers are arranged coaxially with the conductor within the insulating material. The length and diameter of the cylinders are designed to control the distribution of the electric field in and over the outer surface of the bushing. Condenser bushings may be one of several types: Resin-bonded paper insulation; Oil-impregnated paper insulation; or Other. Dry or Unfilled Type Bushing.- Consists of porcelain tube with no filler in the space between the shell and conductor. These are usually rated 25 kV and below. Oil-Filled Bushing. A bushing in which the space between the major insulation (or the conductor where no major insulation is used) and the inside surface of a protective weather casing (usually porcelain) is filled with insulating oil. Oil Immersed Bushing.- A bushing composed of a system of major insulations totally immersed in a bath of insulating oil. Oil-Impregnated Paper- Insulated Bushing.- A bushing in which the internal structure is made of cellulose material impregnated with oil. Resin-Bonded, Paper- Insulated Bushing.- A bushing in which the major insulation is provided by cellulose material bonded with resin. Solid (Ceramic) Bushing.- A bushing in which the major insulation Is provided by a ceramic or analogous material. Bushing Failures Operating records show that about 90 percent of all preventable bushing failures are caused by moisture entering the bushing through leaky gaskets or other openings. Close periodic inspection to find leaks and make repairs as needed will prevent most outages due to bushing failures. Such an external inspection requires little time and expense and will be well worth the effort. High-voltage bushings, if allowed to deteriorate, may explode with considerable violence and cause extensive damages to adjacent equipment. Flashovers may be caused by deposits of dirt on the bushings, particularly in areas where there are contaminants such as salts or conducting dusts in the air. These deposits should be removed by periodic cleaning. Figure 10: Picture of High Voltage Bushing that has failed due to penetration of moisture One of the failures can also be a dielectric failure occurring with the paper insulation punctured through from the center draw rod, at a location about one third of the way down from the top terminal, to the grounded capacitance tap. HOW DOES THE BUSHINGS WITHSTAND THE STRESSES? The bushings must contain many layers of capacitors to grade the voltage down evenly from the potential at the centre conductor to ground potential. These capacitors are made up of many layers of paper and foil and usually filled with an insulating fluid such as oil. These layers of insulation can be checked by measuring the power factor of the bushing when the parent apparatus is out of service [2]. While the parent apparatus is in service, an infrared camera can be used to check for low oil levels. The oil level relates to the insulation quality of the grading capacitors. Infrared method will only work when the parent apparatus produces heat because it relies on the thermal mass difference between the fluid and the void at the top of the bushing. Bushings in transformers are ideal examples due to the heat produced by losses in the windings and core. The capacitor core of high voltage bushing is widely used to decrease the electric stress and to avoid field centralization where the high voltage lead drill through the tank wall of transformer. The floating potentials of capacitor core can be calculated with several methods[6], that are, the minimized energy algorithm, the partial capacitance algorithm and the electric charge conservation algorithm[6]. Some times dummy dielectric constant method are also used to solve the failure problems. When the electric flux line leaves higher dielectric constant region to lower dielectric constant region, if the ratio of higher dielectric constant to lower dielectric constant is much larger than 1, then it is nearly vertical on the interface in low dielectric constant material. Stress Analysis For the simulation we have tried two arrangements. First, the high voltage conductor is insulated by one large thick layer of silicone from the porcelain outer layer, which is held in place by two metal flanges at ground potential. Secondly, a capacitive graded arrangement where the conductor is insulated by several layers of silicone of varying axial length separated by thin layers of foil (form a large capacitor), again with two flanges at ground potential holding the structure in place. A voltage of 132KV is supplied to the conductor. The results presented below show the stress distribution where to distribute the stress uniformly the geometry of the structure has been altered. It is expected that with the two arrangements the distribution of the stress will vary greatly. Figure 11: Distribution of stress for first arrangement on bushing Figure 12: Distribution of stress for capacitively graded bushing arrangement In the first arrangement the electric stress is concentrated around the surface of the conductor, and the metal flange. While the other regions are under considerably less stress. The result is consistent with known theory. This is inefficient use of the insulation, as the wear of the insulation is not even. It is thus necessary to find a more desirable arrangement. Figure 12 shows the result of a capactively graded arrangement. Not only is the stress distributed more uniformly throughout the insulation, ensuring maximum efficiency and long life span, though the concentration is also reduced. This is the optimal design for high voltage bushings and is currently used in many high voltage applications. Again the result found is consistent with theory, as capacitive grading is vastly used to distribute stress uniformly. Conclusion High Voltage Bushings The Electric Stress has been determined for two different bushing arrangements using finite element analysis. The capacitive grading arrangement was found to be the best at distributing , and minimizing the concentration of stress. The results obtained agree with theory, and are applied throughout the industry.

Encouraging Diverse Enrollment in Womens Studies Courses :: Essays Papers

Encouraging Diverse Enrollment in Women's Studies Courses What stands in the way of a more diversity in Women’s Studies classes such as Feminism 101? The posing of this question is in and of itself a step to increasing diversity, for in the answers we find, we may also expose solutions to these roadblocks. I will therefore, be discussing causes of the current white, female, young, middle-class, and non-disabled majority in Women’s Studies’ class rosters. Once I've established what is causing a majority to be present, I will then attempt to answer those problems with possible solutions, or at least steps in the right direction. Cross-racial hostility keeps minority races from interacting effectively with each other. Racism in general separates the white feminist community from everyone else. Internalized sexism tells us that we are just women, prone to bickering and infighting, and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Heterosexism and lesbian bating (accusing a woman of being a lesbian if she is independent and freethinking) keep potential women’s studies students far away from our classrooms. Everyone is held back by the labels which separate us. Now I don't agree that these are the only oppressive forces dividing the feminist population and keeping new people from joining, but I would postulate that these conflicts function the same in Women's Studies as they do in the feminist movement in general. These are the central expressions of oppression that make cohesive, equal, cooperation seem beyond our grasp. bell hooks, a black feminist writer, wrote in her book Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, "Women in lower-class and poor groups, particularly those who are non-white, would not have defined women’s liberation as women gaining social equality with men, since they are continually reminded in their everyday lives that all women do not share a common social status." (19). This passage contains they key that answers the question of why people of color are not represented equally in our women’s studies classes with white people. Because Women's Studies (and Feminism) had been cast as the arena of white women, who had the time and money to start the movement, women of color are less likely to think the classes are relevant to them. And they are overwhelmingly female. How then, armed with our understanding of this problem, can we get a more racially diverse student body interested in what Women's Studies has to offer?

The Development of Different British Education Systems

Britain has a long history and rich civilization, in this context, the UK has been really focussed on instruction, and instruction as a cultural heritage, impact on society, to advance economic industry. Britain ‘s first instruction degree, has a good repute, but besides attracted many abroad pupils. ( Johnes, 2004 ) The development of instruction non merely assist the UK to acquire a good international repute, cultivate a big figure of hi-tech endowment, but besides has gained immense net incomes in the instruction industry for the United Kingdom. This article has an overview of the British instruction system elaborate, every bit good as several different instruction systems in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Then, this paper will analyze the British educational impact on society, particularly on societal economic, in order to calculate out the importance and significance of developing instruction for a state.2.0 IntroductionThe quality of people determines the quality of the state, which influences the national development and societal advancement. Therefore, to better the overall quality of people should be smartly develop instruction, and instruction is the pressing demand for a state ‘s industrialisation and modernisation, and is a necessary demand to better the modern national instruction system, but besides an of import manner to advance societal employment. There is a long history in different British instruction system. Peoples think instruction investing is the best manner to better the economic accomplishments. ( Moore, 2004 ) . In the fifth and 6th centuries, the first school was built by the church which had adequate power ( Oakland, 2006 ) . In England and Wales, the first clip to set up a incorporate national simple school system was in 1870, in 1872 for Scotland and in 1923 for Northern Ireland. The Labour authorities established a countrywide school in 1976. ( Oakland, 2006 ) Britain had a hit-or-miss school construction in the 19th century. ( Oakland.2006 ) When the British instruction system began to flawlessness, the British economic system besides began to stronger at the same clip. This study will overview the development of the different instruction systems in UK and it will analyse its good effects concentrating on the economic system, because the success of the instruction system will profit the economic system of the state.3.0 The development of different instruction system in UK since 1940s3.1 Introduction of the instruction system in UKBritain is a state with a long tradition of instruction. Its instruction system is rather perfect and complex after several old ages ‘ development, and has a really big flexibleness. The purpose of the 1944 prepares to set up simple and in-between school instruction. There is a party-political battleground in instruction in 1950s. â€Å" Labour authoritiess from 1964 were committed to get rid ofing the eleven-plus, choice and the secondary school divisions. † The Labour authorities prepares to set up comprehensive national schools in 1976. ( Oakland, 2006 ) Overall, it is in three phases: Compulsory Education, farther instruction and Higher Education. Students in British receive compulsory instruction from the age of four, all free to bask the national public assistance, schools even offer a free tiffin, and all parents must set their kids to school. General primary instruction normally lasts until the age of 11, and so the childs will travel to middle school, which lasts for a sum of five old ages: from Form 1 to Form 5. ( Education Act of the UK, 1996 ) Further instruction is the most typical and most exciting portion in the UK instruction system ; it is the â€Å" third instruction † after the primary School and Secondary Education, which provides footing for entry into higher instruction or employment. Students having go oning instruction are between 16 and 18 old ages old in general. It is divided into two systems: academic path and vocational path. Academic path focuses on academic research endowment, and vocational mob is a combination of professional demands at all degrees of society, to develop forces with specialised accomplishments and cognition in a assortment of industries. The two systems are equal accent in the UK. Higher instruction is an advanced phase in the British instruction system, which includes Bachelor Degree, Master Degree, Doctoral Degree and HND-Higher National Diploma. Higher instruction is normally provided by University, but many Colleges besides offer Bachelor and HND classs. Undergraduate academic grade by and large takes three old ages in the UK, but some particular expertness in some universities requires four old ages ‘ clip or longer, such as medical specialty. Students get bachelor grade after graduating undergraduate, there are many sorts of unmarried man in England, and the followers are common types: BA-Bachelor of Art, BSc-Bachelor of Science, BEng-Bachelor of Engineering, and LLB — Bachelor of Laws. UK graduate student courses merely take one twelvemonth, and pupils chiefly write documents and do research in this twelvemonth.3.2 The different instruction systems in UKUnited Kingdom has four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The four r egional instruction constructions and establishments is fundamentally the same type, but the Scots instruction system is rather different with the other parts in some respects, the chief difference is the different grade makings. In fact, there are three independent British legal instruction systems: The United Kingdom Ministry of instruction and instruction is responsible for all degrees of instruction in England, go oning instruction in Wales and university instruction throughout the whole Great Britain. In England, there are three sorts of school which are community, foundation and voluntary. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) The Wales Ministry of instruction is responsible for primary instruction by the Welsh Secretary of State Education Office Management through the Welsh. In Wales, the instruction system is similar as England, but the different is kids in 11 old ages old in secondary schools, there are non choice. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) Northern Ireland Department of Education in charge of primary instruction, go oning instruction and university instruction in the part. In Northern Ireland, the instruction system is the smallest than other three states. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) The Ministr y of Education in Scotland is responsible for primary instruction, go oning instruction and non-university higher instruction. In Scotland, GTC ( General Teaching Council ) are better than any other three states. ( Great Britain. Dept. of Education and Science. 1978 ) England, Wales and Northern Ireland ‘s instruction system is slightly different from the instruction system in Scotland. For illustration, in the facet of secondary instruction, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the school focused on beef uping a figure of optional classs, while the Scots instruction are frequently more focussed on broadening the scope of topics.4.0 The current effects of instruction on societySocial impact of instruction is multifaceted, in the facet of cultural, it is the record of a state ‘s history, the societal imposts and moral constructs and values are transmitted to pupils by instruction, and play a guiding function in their growing procedure. Under the influence of public instruction, people have similar cultural backgrounds and universe positions, this cultural heritage and so will assist the state ‘s direction and development. Besides the map in instruction, civilization and communicating, the economic impact of instruction is reall y important. To better instruction is the most direct manner to assist economic system growing and more public outgo on instruction has great decadent on development of society ( West, 1970 ) . First, People expend the assorted fees for the instruction and society investing of the direct outgo in instruction, in order to advance the economic growing. ( Porter, 1990 ) In modern society, people have recognized that cognition is one of the best agencies to alter the destiny and the creative activity of wealth, so that each household is willing to put in their kids ‘s instruction. Education was identified as an investing, instead than an single ingestion in 1960. ( Moore, 2004 ) Outgo of big amounts of support for instruction has promoted instruction as an industry, except deriving the prosperity in the net incomes, the instruction sector has more money invested in the building of schools and instructors, doing instruction hold more quickly development. Second, instruction provides the labor forces with cognition for economic to better labour productiveness and advance the economic growing. Britain ‘s urbanisation, ( Peters, 2001 ) industrialisation and modernisation have entered into a more mature phase, economic development is no longer rely on a batch of labour, but pay attending to the cognition and accomplishments of workers. ( Stern, Bailey & A ; Merritt, 1996 ) Merely with the advanced engineerings and constructs, with scientific direction, with the spirit of invention, they can do the development of society more efficient and high-speed. Education is one of the most critical factors, which gives people a assortment of cognition, enabling them to better efficiency at work and create involvement. In this manner, instruction alterations the employment construction to advance the economic growing. Nowadays, to a big extent, economic competition between states has become a talent competition, and instruction is to supply th em with a different get downing line. Third, instruction improves the advancement of scientific discipline and engineering to advance the economic growing. By leaving proficient cognition, instruction system trains people with scientific production accomplishments, there are programs to bit by bit develop the potency of people in the business, which required so that the single entree to vocational cognition, accomplishments and self-learning ability, in order to advance persons in professional places improve labour productiveness. ( Coffield, 1995 ) In that manner, people can better the usage of new engineerings, new procedures, new equipment capacity, ensuing in increased technological invention and production invention. What ‘s more is that the instruction is an effectual manner to organize a sort of system to cut down the information transportation cost. That ‘s why Michael says ( 1999 ) that â€Å" instruction promotes the development of the society and the economic system † . Today, the cognition economic system has brought great challenges to our society, in assorted Fieldss where take the human capital and technological invention as competitory premiss, instruction as the chief organic structure of forces developing and the chief bearer of the cognition production and airing, will go basis of the development in assorted industries. ( Binsardi & A ; Ekwulugo, 2003 ) Since the 1980th, all the states have carried out reform of higher instruction, most of import of which is to be market-oriented, and take the higher instruction as an industry to run. The British has carried out educational market and educational denationalization. ( Teddlie & A ; Reynolds, 2000 ) The development of private higher instruction industry is the most of import step in all states, which funding for the development of private higher instruction in a batch of money from the populace, cut downing the state ‘s fiscal load ; mostly adhere to the school of academic freedom and liberty, advancing the healthy development of scientific discipline and civilization ; produced and developed group of domestic and international first-class universities ; warrant from a little figure of phases of higher instruction to the popular phase and even the popular success of the passage stage ; for the economic system, particularly for forces transport a big figure of SMEs ; to break mee t people ‘s higher educational demands of a assortment of services and so on. This series of consequences are the positive impact of current British instruction system on society, peculiarly the societal economic system. ( Ursula, Richard & A ; Iain 2002 )5.0 DecisionBritss have a good academic repute in the universe, trusted and widely recognized as a first degree. The British instruction system is known as complex but the universe ‘s most strict and flexible instruction systems. It has many outstanding characteristics: foremost, it is career-oriented, British universities are to the full cognizant of the intent of higher instruction is to direct pupils in employment, the class of survey steadfastly grasp the demands of the occupation market. British learning methods focal point on inquiring pupils to make many coursework and presentation. Assignment are more practical issue-oriented, which need hands-on, squad coaction and imaginativeness, you can give full drama to th e originative power of pupils, this sense of invention will be alteration to invention ability which can advance societal economic in the future work of pupils. And the instruction in the UK is ever followed by the tendency of the times, the instructor ever take the latest, most promising content to learn, which is easy to develop people with the latest scientific theories. With all these advantages, it ‘s easy to understand why the instruction in the UK has so much impact on the society, particularly back uping the development of the economic system. Merely as what Halsey ( 2003 ) stated that, â€Å" Throughout the twentieth century, the relationship between instruction and the economic system has invariably assumed of all time greater significance. † Through a strict instruction, the British have been influenced by cognition and cultivated the ability to work and invention. When they leave the campus and travel to work, the power of endowment makes the UK market is full of economic verve and creativeness. Powerful states and economic prosperity relies on endowments trained from instruction. ( 1950 words )

A Rising Pharmacist Essay Example

A Rising Pharmacist Essay Example A Rising Pharmacist Essay A Rising Pharmacist Essay Today many people are sick and disabled. IVe seen many people that have become sicker than what they normally were. Illness brings problems that can be quite devastating, and it can lead to depression. IVe always question my self and asked myself, Will these problems disappear? Who can help these people? Are there solutions to decrease the sickness faced by people of today? I know that some day these problems will disappear, and we will become healthy individuals. The health of others is my greatest concern because it affects this world for them and not only for The health of others around me has such a great effect that I want to become a pharmacist. I plan to obtain skills in such areas of pharmacy that will promote a better heath rate. In the field of pharmacy, I wish to change the hardships and the complication that patients have in order for them to receive medications. I want to make the prices lower but at the same time heal the patients. l, being a part of the pharmacy departments, will change the hopes today of patients. Then they too can have a chance ofa happy ending life. I am very please to have the option of becoming a pharmacist. IVe had many things taught to me that ensure me of becoming a great pharmacist. At the complex center in Woodville, Mississippi, I was accredited with skills such as drug calculations, drug classification, and terminology of medical terms. I competed in the HOSA bowl and was placed fourth out of twenty students in the pharmacology area. I am sure that with my skills IVe obtained, I will become the best pharmacist there is. By becoming a pharmacist, the health of others will become very hopeful because I will make it my obligation to implement the best drugs.

Famous Life Quotes - A Select Collection

Famous Life Quotes - A Select Collection What is this life if full of care; we have no time to stand and stare. These famous lines from the poem Leisure by W H Davis sum up my attitude towards life. The life we lead must be worth living.Think about it. Every one gets the same twenty four hours in a day. But only a handful realize the value of time. Make sure to utilize your time wisely. Dont pursue unattainable goals and remain disappointed. Real happiness lies in enjoying every moment of your life, doing what you wish to do. Build your life, minute by minute, with memories of love, kindness, and courage. Reflect on the words of famous people. Understand their perspective about life, and gain new knowledge. A Zen SayingSit quietly, doing nothing, spring comes, and the grass grows by itself. Ernest L. WoodwardSo great has been the endurance, so incredible the achievement, that, as long as the sun keeps a set course in heaven, it would be foolish to despair of the human race. Ralph Waldo EmersonSo much of our time is preparation, so much is routine, and so much retrospect, that the path of each mans genius contracts itself to a very few hours. Samuel JohnsonSome desire is necessary to keep life in motion. Thomas FullerSome have been thought brave because they were afraid to run away. Jane RubiettaSomeone may have stolen your dream when it was young and fresh and you were innocent. Anger is natural. Grief is appropriate. Healing is mandatory. Restoration is possible. Stephen CoveyStrength lies in differences, not in similarities. Kenneth HildebrandStrong lives are motivated by dynamic purposes. Vincent LombardiSuccess demands singleness of purpose. Booker T. WashingtonSuccess is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome.

Article Analysis V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Article Analysis V - Essay Example Thus it is a matter of effective communication. This is easier done in the language and culture of the consumer. In other words, the company must acquaint itself with the language and culture of consumers in order to communicate with them. In this regards, the packaging of the item being marketed also plays an important role. Standard packaging helps to create a brand identity. In the movie industry for example, dubbing is often done in local languages and this practice has improved in international studios. Differences in language and culture â€Å"have a significant impact on the way a product may be used in a market, its brand name and the advertising campaign† (Bhushan) as McDonald’s learnt for example, when they failed to appreciate the social cultural dimensions of the market in India. This makes the market hard to break into. To illustrate the problem of language in another region, the sound of Coca-Cola for example, translates into Chinese as ‘A thirsty mouthful of candle wax’. To get round this, the product is known as ‘Kee Kou Keele’ in China, which means ‘Joyful tastes and happiness’. Espoir Cosmetics is an international cosmetics company that wanted to create a new global branding initiative. Natasha Singh who is the executive vice president and global marketing officer of Espoir observes, â€Å"A global strategy will resonate in India in some cases, but I doubt if we will be able to do away with local marketing initiatives. It’s tough to overcome cultural differences.† Thus, she makes it clear that a brand identity must be created in the local region. And, this requires communicating in the language and culture of the region. In this way, the ‘packaging’ is properly targeted. But this is not without some difficulties. The problem with a standard global strategy is that there is a tendency towards ‘overstandardization’ or ‘oversimplification’, which also